Judea Magazine, No. 9.1



      Hebron          Etzion
      _______          Bloc        Betar          Jerusalem
     /Kiryat \        _______      ______        _____________
    /  Arba   \      / Efrat \    /      \      /             \_______
___/           \____/         \__/        \____/        Maaleh Adumim
     #########    ####   ####     #           Tekoa         ______
         #  #  #  #   #  #       # #          _____        /      \
         #  #  #  #   #  ###    #####        /     \      /        \
     #   #  #  #  #   #  #     #     #     _/       \____/          \_
      ###    ##   ####   #### #       #

		    "Rebuilding Jewish Life in Judea, Israel"
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JUDEA ELECTRONIC MAGAZINE Vol.9, No.1 Tevet-Shvat 5761/Jan-Feb 2001
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Website: http://www.crosswinds.net/~judea            OUR 9TH YEAR!

Contents: THE WAR IN JUDEA CONTINUES
* Arabs Murder Jewish Doctor
* Views of the War from Efrat / The Peacemakers
* What Caused the War? - Israel's Report to the Mitchell Committee
* The Israeli Election 2001: The Jewish Shout / Judea Election Results
* Human Rights For Jews - The Last Casualty of the Gulf War 
* General Eitam and the Grizzly Bear
* Relocating Out of the Territories
* Where is it Really Dangerous?
* The Spirit of the People
* Casting Lots for the Fallen

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                      ARABS MURDER JEWISH DOCTOR

    Dr. Shmuel Gillis, a 42-year-old senior hematologist at Hadassah Hospital 
in Jerusalem and a father of five children, was buried this afternoon in Kfar 
Etzion. He became yesterday's second victim of Palestinian Arab terrorism - 
and the seventh in the past two weeks - when he was shot and killed while 
driving home to Karmei Tzur, halfway between Gush Etzion and Hebron. Thousands 
of local residents stood silently at the side of the road as the funeral 
procession passed by.
    Dr. Gillis' wife Ruth, head of Karmei Tzur's nursery school, said at the 
funeral, "When we sat and organized this funeral, we knew that it had to leave 
from here [Hadassah-Ein Karem] - this has always been your home, even before I 
knew you. You belonged to Hadassah - the Hadassah of the patients, of the 
students, of the research. And then, when you would come home at night to 
Karmei Tzur, I was always amazed how you were able to integrate everything and 
come home to our family needs and the needs of the community. Shmuel, when I 
sat and talked to the children yesterday, I said that I pity not only 
ourselves, but all the patients who were so dependent on you, for whom you 
were their hope and their listening ear."
    Ron Shechner descibed his brother-in-law as "a very talented and modest
man....He devoted his entire life to saving lives, both Jews and Arabs, not 
only in the hospital but also those who were hurt on this dangerous road 
nearby. This is a loss not only for us, his family, but also for the entire 
country, and even all of mankind, for he was one of the few people in the 
world engaged in the research that he was doing."
    (Arutz Sheva News Service, 2 Feb 01, http://www.IsraelNationalNews.com)

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                    VIEWS OF THE WAR FROM EFRAT

                           Doron Geller

    The pioneers who established Efrat dreamed of a flourishing community 
between Hebron and Jerusalem - as a memorial to those who fell in the Etzion 
Bloc in 1948, and as a beacon of hope and inspiration for future generations 
of Jews.
    Today, Efrat has grown to 6,400 residents, a self-contained community with 
excellent schools, parks, supermarkets, restaurants, and a bank. A third of 
Efrat's residents are English speakers. Almost all would define themselves as 
national religious. By and large, they are committed Zionists who wish to 
combine a high quality lifestyle while fulfilling their ideals and dreams of 
settling the Land of Israel.
   The Dagan neighborhood of Efrat, the focus of intense settlement efforts by 
thousands of Jews in 1995 (see Judea Magazine 3.4), is today under fire. The 
caravan neighborhood - the only one in Efrat - is home to 8 families and 25 
yeshiva students. Across the wadi, one can see the local school in El-Khader 
from which Dagan has absorbed so much fire.
    Marilyn Adler, a mother of six, moved to Israel from the U.S. 18 years ago 
and now lives in the Zayit neighborhood of Efrat, just south of Dagan. "Since 
Rosh Hashanah, we have seen close to a dozen battles taking place on the 
hillsides of Dagan. From where we are we can see the tracer bullets and hear 
the shooting very clearly. We can also hear anything going on at El David, 
Tekoa, and sometimes even from Bethlehem when they're firing on Rachel's Tomb. 
We have only one hill separating us from the nearest Arab village," says 
Adler.
    According to Doreet Freedman, the real estate market is still strong in 
Efrat and the Etzion Bloc. "People really feel that this area is their home. 
We have three, sometimes four generations of one family living here. That's 
already a patrimony. That's another reason why people feel they have a right 
to this land. People feel a sense of rootedness here."
    The community's founder, Rabbi Shlomo Riskin, says, "We had excellent 
relations with our Arab neighbors. Even before Camp David II, the members of 
the Palestinian Authority in charge of nearby Arab villages had been very 
negative about all the cooperation between us. In fact, they let it be known 
in no uncertain terms that they don't like the cooperation. On the other hand, 
my experience is that the village Arabs are suffering from (PA rule) almost as 
much as we are." Over the years Efrat has helped establish medical and sports 
facilities in these villages, and Arabs come to Efrat for cut-rate or free 
medical treatment.
    This cooperation evidently doesn't influence everyone in El-Khader, 
situated across from Dagan. "Last Wednesday as I was driving home, I saw a 
group of Palestinians running down one of the hills along the tunnel road," 
says Doreet Freedman. "I didn't know if they were going to shoot or throw 
rocks - and they don't only throw rocks. They throw cinder blocks, floor 
tiles, chairs, even tacks onto the road."
    Elazar Rosenberg, the head of the Siach yeshiva, recalled the night after 
Yom Kippur. "One of the bullets penetrated a caravan here. Fortunately, almost 
everybody was still in prayer in the beit midrash." 
    According to Binny Freedman, an IDF reserve officer and local resident, 
"They're firing from civilian areas, from schools and behind small children. 
This is something the IDF would never do. You know what they're dying for you 
to do is to take out 20 civilians and then show it on CNN. But what's the 
choice? If you don't fire, you're allowing your men and civilians to remain 
under threat." 
    "Right now, the only way to stop firing on the Etzion Bloc tunnels leading 
to Efrat and the other settlements in the area is to take Beit Jala. That's 
definitely doable, with minimal risk to the IDF. The army is totally prepared 
to take Beit Jala," said Freedman. "The Palestinian gunfire is itself 
violating the Oslo accords. The Oslo accords were predicated on an end to 
violence. Yet about 150 gunfire incidents have already occurred on this road."

                            *     *     *

                           THE PEACEMAKERS

    Rabbi Menachem Fruman of Tekoa has cultivated relationships with his Arab 
neighbors for years. This included many figures in the Palestinian Authority 
and even in Hamas. Several years ago, an American Jewish filmmaker made a 
movie about four peacemakers, two Israelis and two Palestinians.
    One of the Israelis was Menachem Fruman, and one was Muhammad Issa, the 
former principal of the school from which Dagan has been fired on of late.  "I 
was a teacher at the Dagan yeshiva for a year until just recently," says 
Fruman. "Prior to that, I had established a friendly relationship with 
Muhammad Issa and we held teacher enrichment courses in his private school in 
El Khader. I considered his school to be very special. His school's curriculum 
emphasized peace and gave a window to western civilization. They even studied 
a little Hebrew."
    Fruman continued, "A year ago on Hanukka I invited Muhammad Issa to come 
to Dagan's yeshiva, which had opened in a caravan. He did come and he brought 
a gift, a wall clock which hangs on a wall of the yeshiva today."
    Muhammad Issa died eight months ago. "I went to his home to pay 
condolences," Fruman said. "Soon after, one of the students at the Dagan 
yeshiva married my daughter Shulamit. Then on the night after Yom Kippur, 
Arabs opened heavy fire from Muhammad Issa's former school on the Dagan 
yeshiva. My son-in-law and daughter were there that night, lying on the floor 
under a haze of bullets."
    (From _In Jerusalem_, 26 Jan 01, pp. 4-5.

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Israel's Report to the Mitchell Committee

                       WHAT CAUSED THE WAR?

    After the Sharm El-Sheikh Summit in October 2000, U.S. President Clinton 
announced the formation of "a committee of fact-finding on the events of the 
past several weeks and how to prevent their recurrence." What follows are 
excerpts from the Israel government statement to the Mitchell Committee, 
available from the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs - see 
http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/go.asp?MFAH0jcb0

    "The violence has involved the active targeting by Palestinians of Israeli 
civilians who were in no manner involved in the conflict. This targeting of 
passive Israeli civilians in their homes, while traveling, or while otherwise 
engaged in civilian pursuits detached from the conflict, is a significant 
point of distinction between the practices of the two sides. Whereas 
Palestinian civilians injured by Israeli action have by-and-large been 
actively engaged or caught up in some manner in the confrontation with Israel, 
Israeli civilians injured in the conflict have in the overwhelming majority of 
cases been targeted merely because they were Israelis.
                                *     *
    As matters stand today, some 39.8% of West Bank territory, encompassing 
around 99.2% of the Palestinian population, is under the territorial 
jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority.
                                *     *
    In the majority of cases, Palestinian attacks against Israelis have taken 
the form of a large number of Palestinians, invariably in the hundreds and 
sometimes greater, usually including a live-fire dimension, attacking either a 
small number of Israeli civilians or a small number of Israeli troops. 
Typically, Israeli troops coming under attack, or responding to an attack, 
have numbered less than 20. On many occasions this number is 
lower....Attacks...invariably occur without warning and involve the 
Palestinian attackers traveling to the point of attack....
    Netzarim Junction is a small Israeli military checkpoint relatively 
distant from Palestinian centers of population. Its object is to secure the 
road to the settlement of Netzarim to ensure the security of Israelis at a 
point that in the past had been the scene of violent attacks against Israeli 
civilians. To engage in attacks on the IDF position, Palestinians have to 
travel some distance, either from Gaza City or from Nuserat and El Bureij. 
Simply because of its geographic location, it is not a point at which 
spontaneous confrontation can occur.
                                *     *
    The Western Wall, the holiest site of Judaism, is situated at the foot of 
the Temple Mount. Following the outbreak of violence at the Temple Mount on 29 
September 2000, the area of the Western Wall was the subject of violent attack 
by some of the 22,000 members of the congregation at Muslim Friday prayers. On 
the eve of the Jewish New Year, the area of the Western Wall had to be 
evacuated of Jewish worshippers. Following the attack, the entire area was 
virtually carpeted in rocks.
                                *     *
    The present conflict is not of Israel's making. Israel would like to see 
an end to the violence and a successful conclusion to the peace negotiations. 
Israeli civilians, police and armed forces have, however, been coming under 
sustained attack for 93 days. A commensurate response to these attacks is 
warranted."
                                    *     *
    Excellent Internet Coverage of the War at the Israel Defense Forces 
Website - http://www.idf.il/english/news

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The Israeli Election 2001: 

                          THE JEWISH SHOUT

                          Rabbi Berel Wein

    There is a hassidic story about a Jew who was in the midst of a very 
demanding task on a Friday afternoon and did not notice that the Sabbath was 
fast approaching. This Jew was known to be a mild-mannered, soft-spoken 
person. When he suddenly realized that it was time for the Sabbath, he ran out 
of his workshop to the synagogue. Upon arriving, he heard that the 
introductory prayer welcoming the Sabbath had already been completed. Beside 
himself with anguish at having been late for Shabbat, the Jew shouted a great 
shout of agony and frustration.
   The congregation, knowing him to be so mild-mannered and soft-spoken, was 
in shock at his behavior. But the great hassidic rebbe who witnessed the scene 
said: "It was not his own shout that we heard. It was the shout of the Jew 
within him." 
    This past election gave voice to the great Jewish shout that resides 
within the broad Israeli public. It was a shout about Jerusalem, the Temple 
Mount, and the Western Wall.
    In 1891, Ahad Ha'am, hardly an Orthodox Jew, visited Jerusalem for the 
first time and wrote home to his family: "I am now in Jerusalem. I cannot 
express to you, even in a small way, my emotions at being here. Every step, 
every stone speaks to me of our history. Mount Zion, the Temple Mount, the 
Mount of Olives. Only when one is here does one realize how foolish it is of 
our opponents, the Arabs, to think that we will ever give up on Jerusalem. It 
is the heart of the Land of Israel, the heart of the Jew."
    Ahad Ha'am did not write those words. It was written by the Jew within 
him; the Jewish shout that reverberates within all of us and does not allow us 
to forsake our past and future.
   (From _Jerusalem Post_, 16 Feb 01, p. B9.)

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       JUDEA ELECTION RESULTS - 2001 (in %)

                Sharon  Barak      
National          63     37   

Cities                                         
 Jerusalem        78     22                                            
 Maale Adumim     90     10                                            

Etzion Bloc  
 Alon Shvut       98      2                                           
 Bat Ayin         99      1                                            
 Betar Elit      100      -                                            
 Carmei Tzur     100      -                                            
 Efrat            98      2                                          
 El David         97      3                                               
 Elazar           99      1                                          
 Har Gilo         51     49                                           
 Kedar            89     11                                           
 Kfar Etzion      87     13                                           
 Maale Amos      100      -                                            
 Metzad           99      1                                                
 Migdal Oz        99      1                                           
 Neve Daniel      99      1                                                
 Rosh Tzurim      96      4                                           
 Tekoa            98      2                                           

South Hebron Hills  
 Adura            81     19                                            
 Beit Haggai     100      -                                           
 Carmel           99      1                                                
 Hebron           97      3                                           
 Kiryat Arba      98      2                                           
 Maon            100      -
 Metzudat 
   Yehuda         99      1                                            
 Otniel           99      1                                           
 Pnai Hever       98      2                                           
 Susiya          100      -                                            
 Telem            91      9                                                
 Tene             74     26                                                

	Election Statistics from _Yediot Ahronot_, 8 Feb 01 

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The Last Casualty of the Gulf War 

                       HUMAN RIGHTS FOR JEWS

    Jewish "human rights" activists have turned the life of one former Jewish 
refusnik into a continuing nightmare. In December 2000, the Jerusalem District 
Court ordered Boaz Moshkovich to pay NS200,000 in the wake of an incident that 
occurred during the tense days of the Gulf War in February 1991.
    Moshkovich, 42, a gentle, soft-spoken computer programmer and father of 
two daughters, has lived in Tekoa near Jerusalem since 1986. On the night of 
February 18, 1991, he was driving home on the road linking Jerusalem to Tekoa, 
8 km. southeast. The road skirts the edge of Beit Sahur, an Arab town just 
east of Bethlehem which since the intifada of December 1987 had became a 
frequent scene of Arab attacks on Jewish traffic. Rock-throwing, nails in the 
road, and burning tires were common. Moshkovich had been attacked there more 
than once, with a rock smashing his rear windshield and landing in the then-
empty baby's car seat. Other times his family was in the car during the 
attacks.
    The road had been closed to Jewish traffic for weeks at the beginning of 
the Gulf War and had just been reopened a few days before. As he was driving 
home that evening, having been attacked on the road the night before, 
Moshkovich found himself stopped by a roadblock of boulders and a suspicious 
object, a box with a wire leading to the side of the road, at a spot where the 
road ascends a hill to the Beit Sahur junction. 
    There was no moon or street lights. Suddenly, rocks hit his car from out 
of the darkness. In those days, the sole means of defense available to an 
Israeli civilian who found himself in such a situation was to shoot in the air 
to try and scare the attackers away, and this is what he did. 
    As recorded in the evidence presented to the Jerusalem District Court, one 
of the bullets hit a kitchen window of one of the houses up the hill, 80 
meters away. It went into the living room through an open door, and hit the 
Arab youth Salem Mouslach. 
    Moshkovich did not know he had hurt anyone. He was arrested, held for six 
days, and after two years was indicted for homicide. He knew he was innocent 
but, at the advice of his lawyer, agreed to a plea bargain that involved a 
conviction for negligent homicide, and was sentenced in 1993 to five months of 
community service (which he performed at Hadassah Hospital) and a year's 
probation.
    In March 1994, B'tselem, "The Israeli Information Center for Human Rights 
in the Occupied Territories," published a report highlighting the case 
involving Boaz Moshkovich. (The report opens with special thanks to lawyer 
Avraham Gal, who was to serve as the lawyer for the Arab family's civil suit 
against Moshkovich.) The report reveals that lawyers Avraham Gal, Yosef Levi, 
and Dr. Veronica Cohen traveled to Beit Sahur to invesigate the incident three 
days after it occurred. The report also included a statement by the State 
Attorney's office, tucked away in an appendix, that after its own 
investigation at the scene, "it was doubtful that they would be able to 
disprove Moshkovich's claim of self-defense." Moshkovich had not known of this 
statement when he had agreed to the plea bargain.
    In late 1994, Jewish "human rights" activists encouraged the family of the 
Arab youth to sue for civil damages from Moshkovich in the Israeli courts, in 
the hope of setting a precedent for scores of similar cases involving Jewish 
civilians and soldiers acting in self-defense. As noted, the family was 
represented by Avraham Gal. 
    In its December 2000 decision, the court upheld the suit, relying on the 
testimony of two Arabs who claimed to have witnessed the event in the 
moonlight, even though there was no moon on that date. Moshkovich was ordered 
to pay NS160,000 to the family plus NS40,000 in court costs. He has had to 
borrow money and divert his family's income to cover legal expenses. Now, 
according to Israeli law, he must pay the judgment immediately, prior to a 
ruling on his appeal. 
    The injustice is compounded by the fact that no reciprocal judicial 
arrangements exist that enable Jews to collect on debts owed them by Arab 
residents of the Palestinian Authority. Despite signed agreements on the 
mutual enforcement of legal judgments, claims involving money owed to Jews are 
universally ignored by Palestinian officials.   
    A wave of similar civil suits by Palestinian Arabs against Jews is now 
expected. Meanwhile, Moshkovich, who has no Jewish human rights organization 
working for his defense, must now raise NS200,000.  If you can help, please 
contact Boaz Moshkovich directly: Tel. 972-2-9964553; email - 
boazm58@yahoo.com.

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                 GENERAL EITAM AND THE GRIZZLY BEAR

    General Effie Eitam, commander of a successful IDF campaign against 
Hizbollah terrorists in Lebanon, recalled the time a few years ago when he was 
vacationing in the wilds of Alaska. "On our first day out I asked the guide, 
'what do we do if a grizzly bear comes?' (The bears grow to three times the 
size of a man.) He answered me, 'We have instructions for this. You stand up 
straight and call out to it in English: "Hey, bear, this is my place."'  
    I laughed, I thought he was joking, but he was serious. On the first day, 
nothing happened. On the second day, in the afternoon, I'm standing near a 
small stream when suddenly a huge bear walks out and stands maybe ten meters 
from me. First of all, I quickly said to myself 'Shema Yisrael'; this was for 
the Jewish record. But in the Golani Brigade they taught me to be a 
disciplined soldier so I decided to act according to instructions. I stood my 
ground and said 'Hey, bear, this is my place.' The bear nodded his head, stood 
up on his two hind legs and went off to fish a hundred meters away.
    When we returned, I went straight to the guide and asked him, 'You have to 
explain to me why it worked.' He didn't understand why I was asking. 'It's 
simple,' he told me. 'It's because you are a human. All the time you appeared 
to him to be another bear, then you seemed like a small, weak bear. When you 
showed him that you were a human, then he had no thought of attacking you.'
    This whole idea is very much connected to the situation we find ourselves 
in. If we knew how to say clearly to the world, 'Friends, this is our land and 
we won't give it to you, any of it,' this would have more influence than 
anything else. We've confused them. We let the Palestinians believe that by 
using the pressure of terror they will be able to extract diplomatic 
concessions. We complicated their lives and ours by raising doubts about who 
this land belongs to. Why don't the Palestinians demand a state in Jordan, 
where they are in the majority and where it would be more natural? Because 
Hussein made it clear to them that they have no chance of receiving a state in 
Jordan, and since that moment they have put all their hopes on the weakest 
link."
    (From Kalman Libskind, _Makor Rishon_ Magazine, 12 Jan 01, p. 10.)

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                ISRAEL NATIONAL RADIO'S JEWISH UNIVERSE

    The Arutz Sheva (Radio 7) Jewish Universe website offers links to
Politics, Torah, Zionism, Kosher Food, Music, Singles, Teaching, Judaica, and 
more. Post a Mazel Tov for a loved one on the Mazel Tov section. Simple 
surfing with pictures of each website - great Jewish info at your fingertips. 
See: http://www.jewishuniverse.net
    Arutz Sheva's English News website now offers News Updates throughout the 
day, as well as an on-line poll, and a Readers' Forum. This is in addition to 
the already-existing 3 live internet radio broadcasts from Israel in 4 
languages, the Israel/Jewish Music Jukebox, Arab Press Survey, and more.  See: 
http://IsraelNationalNews.com

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                  RELOCATING OUT OF THE TERRITORIES

   The "Peace Bloc" in Israel, which organized a boycott of products produced 
in Judea and Samaria, has begun a new campaign - offering to assist factories 
in relocating out of the "territories."
   Shamai Ben Baruch, the manager of the Amgazit camping equipment factory at 
Kibbutz Kfar Etzion, wrote the following response:
   "I am pleased at the positive change in attitude toward us, after you tried 
to harm our sales (unsuccessfully). I'm also pleased that you have decided to 
begin, many years after you have done so with our enemies, direct negotiations 
with your countrymen as well.
   I wanted to clarify to you that the Amgazit factory at Kfar Etzion was 
constructed on land that was purchased by Jews at the beginning of the last 
century, unlike, for example, the entire industrial zone of Ashkelon which 
came under Israeli control in the wake of the 1948 war."
   (From _Gushpanka_, December 2000, p. 12.)

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                     WHERE IS IT REALLY DANGEROUS?

                            Uri Orbach

    In America they know it is very dangerous in Israel now and it is not 
recommended to travel there. In Israel they know that if it is dangerous, it 
is dangerous primarily in the territories and a bit in Jerusalem. In Jerusalem 
they know there is shooting but just in the Gilo neighborhood. In Gilo they 
know it is dangerous but just on Ha'anafa Street.  On Ha'anafa Street they 
know it is dangerous but not along the entire street, just for the buildings 
that face Beit Jalla. In the buildings that face Beit Jalla they know it is 
dangerous but especially for a few houses which are shot at from time to time, 
nothing special. In the houses which are shot at they know it is dangerous but 
not in all the rooms, just the kitchen.  In the bedrooms and bathrooms, for 
example, it is completely quiet. In the kitchen, which they shoot into, they 
know it is very dangerous, but not in the entire kitchen, just in the area of 
the refrigerator and the toaster. In the area of the refrigerator they know 
that where it is really dangerous is the area located exactly in the sights of 
the sniper from Beit Jalla. From the refrigerator itself you can usually take 
out cheese and milk without harm.
    And in the freezer itself above the refrigerator on one section of 
Ha'anafa Street at the edge of Gilo in Jerusalem in Israel? Aha. There it is 
really a bit dangerous. If you stand there and take out frozen chicken breasts 
- you are endangering yourself. So during the next few months until things 
calm down, don't use the freezer. So, is that so dangerous?

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                       THE SPIRIT OF THE PEOPLE

                           Judy Lash Balint

    The violence which has dragged on now for months, and which permeates 
almost every sector of our lives, has in fact caused a closing of the ranks -- 
a sense that despite the political wrangling, we're all still family.
    The compassion of some Israelis is inspiring. Twenty seven-year-old Keren 
Leibovich won three gold medals in swimming at the Sydney Paralympic Games. 
Leibovitch, disabled since 1992 from an accident during her army service, made 
it her business to travel down to Soroka Hospital in Beersheva to pay a 
special visit to the three young Cohen children who will spend the rest of 
their lives without one or two limbs as a result of the Kfar Darom terror 
attack. Keren wants to show the children that the challenges of physical 
disability can be overcome. To give them hope for a productive future.
    (From Innernet Magazine, Feb. 2001)

****************************************************************************

                          CASTING LOTS FOR THE FALLEN

    It was a long time after the Etzion Bloc fell in Israel's War of 
Independence (1948) till the bodies of its defenders could be gathered - the 
brave fighters who had given their lives trying to hold it against 
overpowering odds. The bodies were found in trenches and ditches. Some were 
discovered around the settlements of the Gush, while thirty-five heroic 
fighters, who met their death on the way there, when they were rushing to come 
to its rescue, were found buried in a temporary grave, with only a thin layer 
of earth covering the bodies. But that bit of earth protected them from both 
human and animal scavengers of the desert.
    When the bodies were all gathered, under the initiative and leadership of 
the chief army chaplain R. Shlomo Goren, attempts had to be made to establish 
their identities. Twenty-three could be identified absolutely, without any 
shadow of a doubt. As for the rest, they only knew that these were the twelve 
remaining martyrs who had given their lives for their land; and they had a 
list of the names. But there was no way to link a particular body with any one 
of the names.
    When a few of the bereaved parents approached R. Tzvi Pesah Frank, the 
chief rabbi of Jerusalem, with regard to the twelve, he decided that lots 
would have to be drawn to provide an answer. It would be by a certain special, 
unique way of drawing lots, known only to the wise elders of Jerusalem, which 
was said to have originated with R. Elijah the Gaon of Vilna.
    R. Frank asked Reb Aryeh Levin to undertake the solemn task. On a Thursday 
evening in the yeshiva that Reb Aryeh maintained on the upper floor of his 
small humble home in the neighborhood of Mishkanot, twelve candles were lit in 
the dark room, lighting up the eastern wall where the holy ark stood. Present 
were Reb Aryeh, his son-in-law R. Aaron Jacobovitz and his son R. Raphael 
Binyomin, and two of the stricken parents (one of them the Israeli publisher 
Reuben Mass).
     By the tradition, for drawing the lots a certain Hebrew Bible was to be 
used, with two columns on the page, that was printed in Amsterdam in 1701. Its 
pages were yellowed with age but still whole.
    After reciting Psalms, a hallowed silence reigned over the room as the 
flickering candles added to the solemnity and awe. Reb Aryeh opened the Bible 
entirely at random, to whatever page chance would bring him. Then he continued 
turning batches of pages this way and that, haphazardly, seven times. Now he 
turned over exactly seven single leaves, going forward. Next, he went forward 
seven single pages; after that, seven columns; then seven verses; then seven 
words; and finally seven single letters. Thus it was "seven times seven." 
Whatever the seventh letter was, Reb Aryeh now looked for the very next verse 
which began with that letter. By the verses of Scripture found in this way, he 
would assign a name to each of the twelve unidentified soldiers who now lay 
reburied in the military cemetery on Mount Herzl.
    For each "casting of lots" (turning of pages) they chose one of the twelve 
graves, to find a name for it. The deciding sentence in the Bible, to which 
they came at last, had to contain or refer to one of the twelve names. And 
that would be the name for the grave.
    The first Hebrew word in the first sentence that came up is written with 
the letters "lamed hey," which stand for the number 35 - the total of thirty-
five courageous soldiers who died on their way to defend the Etzion Bloc.
    If the sentence at which they arrived did not relate in any way to what 
they needed to know, they would take the last letter in it and look for a 
sentence on the page that began with that letter, and try to find, directly or 
by inference, the answer from that. This was the procedure they followed 
eleven times, with the last name automatically given to the remaining grave.
    To everyone's amazement, each sentence at which they arrived gave a clear 
and definite message. One after another, the sentences produced the answers 
they sought. "From the tribe of Benjamin" identified the first grave as 
Benjamin Boguslavsky. "Am I not ben yemini, a Benjaminite" - Oded ben-Yemini. 
"All the persons belonging to Yaakov" - Yaakov ben-Attar. "And Joseph said" -
Joseph Barch. "The pride, gaon, of Israel answers" - Eytan Gaon. "And Eliyahu 
took the child" - Eliyahu Hershkovitz. "And of Zevulun he said" - Yitzhak 
Zevuloni. "Let your kohanim be clothed with righteousness" - Alexander Cohen. 
"You are a kohan" - Yaakov Cohen. "Babylon must fall for the slain of Israel" 
- Israel Merzel. "One thing shaalti, have I asked" - Shaul Panueli.
    No one had the slightest doubt that the determination was accurate - that 
every one of the twelve had been rightly identified. R. Frank ruled that the 
identifications were to be regarded as definite. The bereaved parents accepted 
the results as final; and according to these results the names of the twelve 
were inscribed on the tombstones of their places of burial on Mount Herzl.
    (From _A Tzaddik in Our Time_, by Simcha Raz, 1972)

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