Judea Magazine, No. 6.5
Hebron Etzion
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"Rebuilding Jewish Life in Judea, Israel"
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JUDEA ELECTRONIC MAGAZINE Vol.6, No.5 Elul-Tishrei 5758-9/Sep-Oct 1998
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Website: www.virtual.co.il\clients\judea
Contents:
* In Memoriam: Rabbi Shlomo Ra'anan
* The Contest for Land in Area C
* Special People: Meir Har Zion, the Man and the Legend
* Israeli History in Palestinian Hands
* The Temple Mount: The Heart of the Jewish People
* In Carmei Tsur: Proud to be a Thorn
Educating for War:
* Children Indoctrinated for Terrorism with Arafat's Blessing
* Arab TV: Preparing for War
* PLO Leader Faisal Husseini: Palestinians Plan War
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IN MEMORIAM: RABBI SHLOMO RA'ANAN
At about 11:00 p.m. on 21 August 1998, an Arab terrorist armed with
a knife and a firebomb climbed into the back window of the Ra'anan family
home in the Tel Rumeida neighborhood of Hebron. Rabbi Shlomo Ra'anan was
preparing to go to sleep. His wife Haya was sitting in their small
living room. The Ra'anans live in a small, 35 square meter mobile home.
The terrorist attacked Rabbi Ra'anan, stabbing him in the chest. He then
went into the living room and attempted to attack Mrs. Ra'anan. The
injured rabbi followed the terrorist into the living room and tried to
stop him from attacking his wife. The terrorist stabbed him again and
then threw the firebomb, igniting the room. He then fled.
One of Tel Rumeida's residents, a paramedic, arrived at the scene,
and seeing the house on fire, quickly pulled the fatally wounded rabbi
from the home. He tried to care for Rabbi Ra'anan, but to no avail.
(From Hebron Press Office, August 21-22, 1998)
* * *
Rabbi Shlomo Ra'anan was born 64 years ago to the daughter of Rabbi
Avraham HaCohen Kook. He grew up in the world of Torah and learned in
the Mercaz HaRav Yeshiva under the tutelage of his uncle, Rabbi Zvi
Yehuda Kook. He was always the first to arrive at shul, summer and
winter, even when the hilly streets of Hebron were covered in snow.
He was a virtuous and humble man who, although a brilliant Torah scholar,
when asked a question would almost always answer that he did not know
and, if pressed, would give a short, quiet answer. Rabbi Ra'anan was
well-versed in all aspects of Torah, so that when he did agree to respond
he could quote at length from the Talmud and the Bible on any subject,
without preparation.
He was an honest and straightforward man who lived and gave his life
for Eretz Israel and Hebron. Rabbi Ra'anan and his wife, Haya, first
moved to the community of Hadar Betar -- now part of the new city of
Betar in North Judea. Not finding this challenging enough, they looked
for another place where they could contribute, and six years ago the
couple moved to Hebron. In Hebron, the Ra'anans sought out the most
difficult place and chose a mobile home in Admot Yishai (Tel Rumeida or
Tel Hebron, which is biblical Hebron). In spite of their age -- the
Ra'anan grandchildren were of the age of the children of their neighbors
-- they succeeded in fitting in and becoming a beloved part of the Hebron
mosaic.
When the twelve Israelite spies returned to Moses after checking out
the Land of Israel, they brought back bountiful fruit including grapes,
pomegranates, and figs, from the Eshkol Valley in Hebron. They reported
that the land was indeed flowing with milk and honey, but that the people
living there were stronger than the Israelites (Num. 13:27,31). However,
Kalev Ben Yefunne disagreed with them: "Let us go up at once, and possess
it; for we are well able to overcome it" (Num. 13:30). Rabbi Shlomo
Ra'anan was well aware of the difficulties and dangers of Hebron, but he
believed, as did Kalev, that "we are well able to overcome it." Rabbi
Ra'anan's murder is a great and painful loss to the people of Hebron, but
from that pain they will continue, in strength, to build Hebron for
future generations of the Jewish people.
(From _Hebron Newsletter_, September 1998)
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THE CONTEST FOR LAND IN AREA C
Haggai Sari
"What is happening today in the field is simply unbelievable," says
Samaria regional council head Bentzi Lieberman. "They are acting as they
wish in Area C (the area under total Israeli authority) with an intensity
and brashness that increases daily."
"In the past year the Palestinian Authority has built tens of
kilometers of roads throughout the area of the regional council. Four of
them, totalling 20 kilometers, have been paved with asphalt. Almost all
of them pass through Area C.
"How are these roads built? There is a system that repeats itself.
A tractor follows a goat path, breaks the rocks and smooths the right of
way. If that passes quietly, a larger tractor widens the path and it
becomes an 'agricultural road.' If that passes quietly, they bring in a
D-9 bulldozer, widen it seriously, and spread crushed stone in
preparation for paving. At this point the road is already able to
support private cars and trucks. And if they so decide, they pave it.
"The creation of these roads was not accidental. Every road has its
task. For example, in Samaria there are four large Arab cities, Shechem
in the center, Jenin in the north, and Tulkarm and Kalkilya in the west.
Inside this area there are some 10 large blocs of Area B which are under
partial Palestinian control, separated by Israeli areas of Area C. The
network of roads has 'corrected' this situation and connected the blocs
of Area B where the Arab villages are located, and all of those are
connected to the four cities and Ramallah. The murderers of Harel Ben-
Nun and Shlomo Liebman, z"l, escaped from Yitzhar to Shechem along these
roads."
Before the implementation of Oslo II, bypass roads were paved
throughout Judea and Samaria for the security of the Israeli residents
who would no longer have to drive through cities that were handed over to
Palestinian control. Today the Palestinian Authority encourages
construction along every road and especially along these bypass roads.
One outstanding example is the Trans-Judea Highway (which would serve to
allow the IDF to move eastward in time of war), where Arab houses are
being built right up next to the road.
"There is building everywhere, and also on state land," reports an
Israeli land warden in the Judea area. "If 2-3 years ago you would see
an average of 2-3 houses along the road, today there are 7-8, all of them
illegally built in Area C." Near the village of Beit Haggai in the south
Hebron Hills the Arabs are not satisfied just to fence in land. The
Palestinian Authority has developed an entire agricultural project that
includes 15 barns, not one of which is legal.
Since it is difficult and expensive to fence in or plant on any of
the land in Judea and Samaria, the Palestinian Authority has enlisted
Beduin and shepherds. Officials of the Palestinian Authority "ask"
Beduin to set up their tents on land near Jewish villages. You can see
them near Carmel and Maon. Groups of shepherds are also sent to certain
places in order to assert control. The shepherds and Beduin are
compensated with money for their services, as well as with fodder, food
and water.
On one of his rounds a year ago, the land warden of the Gush Etzion
Regional Council, Dov Weinstock, found that all the abandoned houses,
plots, and ruins had been marked with numbers, even right up next to the
fences of the Jewish villages within Gush Etzion. After checking, he
found that officials of the Palestinian Agricultural Ministry were
responsible for the markings. "Today all the land in Area C that was not
cultivated is at one stage or another of development. All the plots are
fenced with new wire. They have a system. If their plot is next to
state land, they fence in their plot together with the state land." But
what hurts Weinstock the most is the theft of land in the Judean Desert.
"From the village of Bani Naim in the Hebron region, the whole area east
into the desert is already being planted. Whole kilometers are being
lost."
Such activities are found throughout Judea and Samaria and even in
the Jordan Valley. There are also local considerations, such as the
theft of land in order to thicken Area A (as in Jenin and Jericho). What
is common to all of this is the involvement of the Palestinian Authority,
which doesn't even try to hide its tracks but rather puts up signs. The
shepherds, Beduin, builders of houses along the roads, farmers who
suddenly have new tractors to prepare new land, kilometers of fence and
limitless quantities of trees for planting -- all are financed by the
Palestinian Authority, whose representatives are often in the field.
The Palestinian Authority is working to gain control of as much land
as possible by May 1999, as well as to close in the Jewish villages
behind fences, to prevent the possibility of their growing and
developing, and to gain control of the strategic points along the roads
that control access to them. Not long ago, Jewish villages in Gush Katif
were cut off in this very way.
(From _Makor Rishon_ Yoman, 18 Sep 98, pp. 20-21)
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Special People:
MEIR HAR ZION, THE MAN AND THE LEGEND
Amnon Shomron
Meir Har Zion was a soldier in the legendary Unit 101 that Arik
Sharon founded in the 1950s to combat Arab terrorists. This unit, which
began with 8 soldiers and at its maximum numbered about 40, succeeded in
four months of operations (August 1953-January 1954) to revolutionize the
IDF's retaliation policy and have an impact on all its fighting units.
Its members became the officers of the paratroop brigade and transformed
it into the leading unit in the army.
Arik Sharon wrote in 1968, "Meir Har Zion was the most daring
fighter in Unit 101 and in the paratroops. Har Zion trained a generation
of commanders who were influenced by his leadership, his strength, and
his tactical abilities. He was the greatest soldier we had." Moshe
Dayan called him "the greatest fighter for the Jewish people since Bar-
Kochba."
Today, at age 65, Har Zion lives at the farm he established in the
hills above the Jordan Valley. Four years of stormy military service
(1952-1956) suddenly ended when Captain Meir Har Zion was seriously
wounded and left paralyzed in the battle at the El Rahava police station
near Hebron. The operation was a success, but as it ended he was hit.
With one arm and leg totally paralyzed, with no feeling in the
fingers of his other hand, and no ability to speak, Har Zion began his
rehabilitation. He decided to establish a farm on a mountaintop near the
Kochav Hayarden Crusader fortress above the Jordan Valley. He called the
farm Ahuzat Shoshana, after the name of his sister.
Shoshana and Meir had a special relationship. Both of them were
free spirits who roamed the length and breadth of the land. They knew
every plant and animal. As children Meir and Shoshana would organize
outings to Mt. Gilboa near the Jordanian border. But their love of
adventure and love of the land was too strong for them. In 1954, when
she was 18, Shoshana went on a trip to the area of Ein Gedi together with
her fiance, where they were murdered by a group of Beduin.
Har Zion decided to take revenge and five of his soldiers asked to
join him. After three weeks of careful searching they reached the camp
of the Beduin in Jordanian territory, killed four of them, and captured
an old man. After they left the area Har Zion explained to him in fluent
Arabic the reason for their attack and sent him back to tell the rest of
his tribe.
Ahuzat Shoshana today covers 7,000 dunam. Har Zion's two sons live
on the farm with their wives and children. The sons run the farm and Har
Zion supervises.
Q: Isn't it difficult for you here?
A: It's not hard, that's the challenge. That's life, to struggle
with everything. If you don't struggle, you don't exist. I live in the
place that I wanted to create and succeeded in creating.
But Har Zion isn't as positive when he speaks about the condition of
the country. A deep sadness overcomes him, a feeling that the sacrifice
of all those who died in the wars was for nothing, that his battles and
the battles of his comrades were unwarranted. He fears that the country
is going to be lost. "We have a tiny, crowded country, and only the
stupid, foolish Jews are prepared to give up parts of it. It's
unbelievable. What they are giving now is the basis for the beginning of
the end of the State of Israel. The Arabs have huge territories, as much
as all of Europe plus a bit of Siberia. But unlike us, they won't
consider giving up even a quarter of a dunam."
Q: So what is the solution?
A: We have to be strong. Perpetually. Not give up. Sooner or
later this land will be ours and Jordan will become Palestine. That is
the solution. 75 percent of the citizens of Jordan are Palestinians.
The humanitarian solution is that the Palestinians will be in Jordan and
we will be here.
"Once the members of Kibbutz Beit Alfa were the cutting edge of
Zionism. They conquered Beit Alpha and settled there, despite the fact
that the Jewish Agency and the government told them to leave so as not to
upset the Arabs. They didn't receive a cent for three years as pressure
to leave. Those very same Hashomer Hatzair kibbutzniks refused to leave
and they're still there today. That is exactly, exactly, like Gush
Emunim [the settlement movement in Judea and Samaria]."
Q: What do your children think?
A: My sons are more extreme than I am.
Q: Despite the fact that you don't believe in God and didn't give
them a religious education?
A: The basis of education is that we have the smallest country in
the world and we have to guard it.
(From _Makor Rishon_ Yoman, 9 Oct 98, p. 10+)
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ISRAELI HISTORY IN PALESTINIAN HANDS
Shimon Riklin
In Judea, Samaria, and Gaza there are some 1,500 ancient sites that
served as rural and urban centers from Neolithic until Ottoman times. In
addition, there are more than 4,000 other sites, from wine presses to
cemeteries. Many of these relate to the generations of the people of
Israel in their land, beginning with the period of the conquest and
settlement of the land in the 12th century BCE. Indeed, some 90% of the
major sites mentioned in the Bible are found in Judea and Samaria.
In the section of the Oslo agreements dealing with archeology,
Israel basically gave up on all the archeological sites in Judea and
Samaria except for a small representative list of sites of particular
importance to Israel, while insisting on the right to add additional
sites to the list during further withdrawals. But in practice, Israel
has no authority to act at these sites and is totally dependent on the
good will of the Palestinians. Because of the haphazard preparation of
the lists, a number of major mistakes were made, for example, the failure
to include the Hasmonian Palace on the southern and northern sides of
Wadi Kelt.
The lack of implementation of the paragraph in the agreement
forbidding thievery and commerce in antiquities is resulting in the
greatest damage at the sites. Even when Israel controlled these areas
there was theft and vandalism at the sites, but at least there was fear
of the Israeli authorities, who would sometimes catch the thieves. Today
it is clear that many Palestinian families earn their living from the
thievery and trade in antiquities, digging up coins, pottery, marble
pillars, and stones with writing from the ancient sites, gradually
clearing them out.
The second withdrawal that is planned to include 13% of the
territory will include more sites than the previous withdrawal since it
basically involves open areas surrounding the urban centers.
(From _Makor Rishon_ Weekend, 11 Sep 1998, pp. 20-21)
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THE TEMPLE MOUNT: THE HEART OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE
Laurence Becker
The festival of Succot is one of the three festivals in the Jewish
calendar during which Jews made their pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the
Holy Temple, standing in all its majesty on Har Habayit, the Temple
Mount.
At this time, our thoughts go back to when the entire world trembled
with emotion on that summer's day in June 1967, when General Motta Gur
declared with tremendous excitement: "The Temple Mount is in our hands."
Har Habayit, the single most holy place to the Jewish people all over the
world, the site of the Holy of Holies, the very hub of Jerusalem, the
capital of Israel, had finally returned to Jewish hands.
Yet in one sweeping stroke just a few short days later, Moshe Dayan
ceremoniously handed over the keys of the Mount to the Wakf, the supreme
Moslem Council. Dayan, a man so steeped in Jewish history and
archeology, did not possess the religious feeling and understanding to
appreciate the extreme importance and the spiritual position of the Mount
as the very core of Israel.
The 30 or so years since that tragic mistake have seen the gradual
but constant erosion of Jewish influence and presence on the Temple
Mount. Now the Jew is classified by the Wakf (and so treated by the
police) as a "tourist" on the Mount. Permission for him to enter the
area is subject to the whim and fancy of the Wakf. He has set times when
he may go up (usually only two hours in the morning and one hour in the
afternoon). Forbidden is the carrying of any book or text of Jewish
character.
If you happen to be a religious Jew wearing a kippa on your head,
the situation is infinitely worse. Not only are you checked for security
reasons and to see whether you are carrying any "offensive religious
weapons," but you also have to identify yourself, be registered in the
ledger, checked through to the main police office on their computer and,
if all is clear you will wait (often for 30-40 minutes in the blazing
afternoon sun) until the Mount area is judenrein, for there must never be
more than two religious Jews on the Mount at the same time.
When finally a policeman is found willing to accompany you, and you
enter, a Wakf official attaches himself to you. He will walk two or
three meters away from you, watching your lips all the time. Heaven
forbid that they may quiver in silent prayer.
The feeling of religious emotion when you finally enter the Temple
Mount has no parallel. Here the Temple stood in its glory; hither Jews
from all over ancient Palestine would pilgrimage three times a year;
here, the very heart of the Jewish people. The emotions soon turn to
sadness upon seeing the site used for football, picnics, and cheap
tourism, and upon the realization that another people has become the
masters of this jewel.
Here you can stand atop the real kotel, not the later Herodian wall
some 30 meters to the west which now serves as the focus of Jewish
prayers. Here your feet tread upon "paving" stones, stones stolen from
destroyed Jewish houses and bearing the carved-out slots for the mezuza.
Everything Jewish is camouflaged, newly laid walkways cover Jewish
history, newly planted olive groves disguise Jewish relics. Solomon's
Stables (covering the entire southeast corner of the Mount) is totally
out of bounds for Jews. The Moslems were allowed to excavate a vast
underground mosque there which opened last year.
City building regulations are trampled underfoot, the "status quo"
is brazenly flouted as the Moslems do as they please in the area. Let us
pray that the year 5759 will enable us once again, this time permanently,
to declare "Har Habayit is in our hands."
(_Jerusalem Post_, 4 Oct 98, p. 8)
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IN CARMEI TSUR: PROUD TO BE A THORN
Dvir Shreiber
Hanan and Rachel Erlich have lived in Carmei Tsur for five years.
"It was clear that we would live in a small village that needed new
people, a village in danger, one barely within the consensus," Hanan
explains. "To me, the measure of such a place is the number of Arab
villages you have to pass to get to it. And so we reached Carmei Tsur,
the most isolated village in the Gush Etzion region."
Today this small and cohesive village is home to 70 families, with
dreams of expansion and the will to fulfill those dreams. Its people are
young, many are teachers and academics, in a community where religion is
taken seriously.
The village was established 14 years ago by graduates of the Har
Etzion yeshiva in Alon Shvut and named after the historic Beit Tsur,
which existed not far away, just past the surrounding groves. The
original idea was to establish an additional bloc of towns south of Gush
Etzion on the way to Kiryat Arba, which would be called Gush Kochba (in
the wake of the archeological findings in the area from the time of Bar
Kochba). The original settlement group numbered 11 families and the
place began to grow. At a certain point it became clear that there was
little state land in the area and little land for expansion, not to speak
of additional settlements. Today, it takes 10 minutes to drive from
southern Jerusalem to Gush Etzion and another 10 minutes to reach Carmei
Tsur.
Hagit Lazar, one of the first settlers, believes "we are doing our
part and God is doing His. Since the Oslo agreement, the number of
people in the village and their quality has grown greatly, and I sleep
soundly. The upcoming withdrawal scares me nationally but not
personally. I'm more worried about my parents in Petach Tikva [near Tel
Aviv] than what will happen next to my village."
The price of houses in Carmei Tsur is much cheaper than in Gush
Etzion, but the geo-political climate may deter couples whose only
interest is cheap housing. Without ideological motivation, they're not
likely to come here, not even for the bonus of quality of life. Pinchas
Engel, head of the village council, says: "If we're a thorn in the land,
then thank goodness we have the privilege to be a thorn." And in fact,
despite the isolation and the unclear security situation, there are many
people who have asked to join the village in recent years.
Unfortunately, there is presently no place to put them. All the houses
are occupied as well as the few trailers available.
"From the time we first came," says Hagit Lazar, "we have grown
constantly, from 11 families to 30, to 70 today, and when they build
another 40 houses there will be more. We're growing all the time."
Infrastructure work is just being completed for 40 new houses, which
hopefully will be ready for occupancy in another two years. In other
words, if you are a young idealistic couple seeking a mix of quality of
life and the fulfillment of a national challenge, you have a place in
Carmei Tsur.
(From _Nekuda_, Sep 98, p. 67-69)
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Educating for War:
CHILDREN INDOCTRINATED FOR TERRORISM WITH ARAFAT'S BLESSING
Tom Gross
Children as young as seven are being trained as the next generation
of international terrorists with the approval of Yasser Arafat. They are
undergoing intensive indoctrination in Gaza to hate Israel, Jews and the
West.
A series of summer camps and television programs for Palestinian
children, which have been running throughout the summer, reached their
climax last week with a closing ceremony where thousands chanted slogans
calling for holy war and for the elimination of Israel. Children as
young as seven paraded with automatic weapons.
While their teachers applaud, festively-dressed primary school
children stand before the camera, microphone in hand, and one by one they
announce their intention to become suicide bombers. A Palestinian girl
of about eight declares "And when I shall wander into the entrance of
Jerusalem, I will turn into a suicide warrior."
In another scene, a boy of about the same age says, "We will throw
them into the sea. The day is near when we will settle our account with
stones and bullets." The class sings about "liberating" towns not only
on the West Bank but within Israel proper, such as Beersheva, Haifa and
Acre.
At one summer camp, boys and girls stood in lines of three singing
the Palestinian national anthem while behind them a huge mural showed
Jerusalem's Temple Mount covered with blood and strewn with skulls, and
Arab horses parading over them. Other camp activities included training
in the use of firearms and jumping through rings of fire while yelling
"jihad" (holy war). Posters prepared in the camp art classes show maps
of Israel completely shaded out with Palestinian national colors, and
reading "We will return."
What alarms and angers Israelis is that both the programs and camps
have been organized not by groups that openly oppose peace with Israel,
but by the Palestinian Authority, which committed itself in the Oslo
agreement to "foster mutual understanding and tolerance" with Israel and
to "abstain from incitement and hostile propaganda." David Bar-Illan,
spokesman for Benjamin Netanyahu, the prime minister, said "Anyone who
thinks this hatred is taking place without the approval of Arafat is
mistaken. He has reserved for himself the education portfolio in the
Palestinian cabinet and is in direct control of school textbooks and
summer camps. There can be little hope for reconciliation if people,
especially the youth, are subject to constant indoctrination portraying
their neighbors in such vile ways."
(From _Electronic Telegraph_, 30 Aug 98, via Conference for Middle
East Peace, Israel and Middle East News)
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ARAB TV: PREPARING FOR WAR
Gail Lichtman
From her modest apartment in Ramat Eshkol, soft-spoken, publicity-
shy Sonya Baevsky spends 65 hours a week taping news and current affairs
programs for the Middle East Television News Archive (METNA), an
independent, academic body she founded in 1990. Patterned after the
Vanderbilt Television News Archive in Nashville, Tennessee, METNA makes
programs available to scholars, politicians and the general public.
An Australian who spent 15 years in the U.S. as a media researcher
after leaving her native Sydney, Baevsky immigrated to Israel in 1990.
"I began archiving in general on January 1, 1993, and started archiving
the Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation TV on January 1, 1995. In
addition, I archive news and current affairs programming from Iraq, Iran,
Syria, Libya, Sudan, Egypt, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia,
Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Turkey, Kuwait, Oman, Dubai, and Bahrain. METNA
was the source of the Iran connection to the Hamas deportees TV clip, the
Saudi Arabian TV hate speech against Jews, Christians and other non-
Moslems, and of course, the by now famous Arafat tapes.
"If you compare Israeli television to that of the Arab world with
respect to the peace process, you find that Israel presents acceptance of
the end of the conflict and a new path toward cooperation, while the Arab
world projects discomfort with this premise -- an inability to move
towards a peaceful resolution of the conflict. With the exception of
Jordan there is generally no difference in the content of most television
programming in the Arab world from when I started in 1993. Prior to the
signing of the peace treaty, Jordanian TV was as antagonistic towards
Israel as the other Arab stations, but since then this has not been the
case. Palestinian television, however, has maintained the same line
since January 1995 irrespective of the government in power.
"This is the fourth year that we are archiving the Palestinian
Broadcasting Corporation. We have amassed a repository of more than
3,000 hours of television news, discussions, interviews, reports,
documentaries, gatherings and speeches, as well as training, school,
scout, children's, high school, university, nationalist and cultural
programs. A lot of the controversy centers on children's programming on
Palestinian television. I have archived 12 hours of summer camp
programming from July and August of this year; compared to similar
programming from 1995 and onward, more preparation for violent conflict
is visible now than it was in the past.
"In 1995, Palestinian television espoused the same goals of
returning to Haifa, Jaffa, Acre, the Galilee, and of course, Jerusalem.
What is different now is that you see young children and teenagers being
prepared for violent conflict. They will be expected to use weapons.
Children as young as 10 are seen dancing with guns."
(From _Jerusalem Post_, In Jerusalem, 2 Oct 98, p. 6)
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PLO LEADER FAISAL HUSSEINI: PALESTINIANS PLAN WAR
"On 4 May 1999, we will announce the independence of the Palestinian
state. We will forcefully open up our borders with Jordan and Egypt,
which are currently controlled by the Israeli army. There will be
violent confrontation and death, but this time on both sides. Are the
Israelis more numerous and better equipped? Yes, but the superiority of
us Palestinians lies in the fact that we are willing to lay down our
lives, whereas for them every death is a tragedy that society cannot
bear."
(Interview by Kenize Mourad, _Le Nouvel Observateur_ 27 Aug-2 Sep
98, p. 46, via Conference for Middle East Peace, Israeli & Global News)
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