Judea Magazine, No. 6.2
Hebron Etzion
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"Rebuilding Jewish Life in Judea, Israel"
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JUDEA ELECTRONIC MAGAZINE Vol.6, No.2 Adar-Nisan 5758/Mar-Apr 1998
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* * * CELEBRATING ISRAEL'S 50TH BIRTHDAY * * *
Contents:
Continuing the Zionist Dream:
* Soviet Jewish Aliya - A Blessing
* Our Representatives in Hebron
* The Sons Build the City of our Fathers
* Settlement of the Land Sets our Fate for Generations
* Building in Efrat
Israel's 50th Birthday Stories:
* The Etzel Conquers Jaffa
* Operation Yoav: A Golani Officer's Story
* Exodus 1947 - An Eyewitness Account
Israel's Security Problem:
* Between the Hebron School and the Oslo School
* Arab Priorities
* 67 Palestinians Murdered by PA for Suspected Cooperation with Israel
* Jew and Arab - Ze'ev Jabotinsky
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Continuing the Zionist Dream:
SOVIET JEWISH ALIYA -- A BLESSING
The State of Israel has been blessed in recent years with a huge
aliya from the former Soviet Union. These Jews, for the most part, come
with incredible skills, educational background, and dedication. The town
of Tekoa in Judea opened its doors to provide temporary affordable
housing for some of these new immigrants and has been paid back in full.
Tsila, the resident ballet teacher, has taught the children not only
how to dance, but how to perform in wonderful productions such as "The
Lion King." Genadi, a former mathematics professor, now teaches math to
groups of children voluntarily. When asked about payment, he answered
"For years I taught math to anti-Semites; this is my chance to do
something for the Jewish people." Sergei, the librarian, didn't realize
when he took the job that he would get paid for it -- he thought he was
volunteering and that was fine by him.
Michael, the sports teacher at the Tekoa school, is a former
olympian athlete. A tall, quiet man who speaks somewhat limited Hebrew,
he manages to communicate an enthusiasm and love for sport. The children
listen to and respect him. For several years, Flora, the choir director,
and Svetlana, the pianist, brought their special enthusiasm for singing
and music to the children's choir in Tekoa. It was always amazing to see
our rambunctious Israeli children respond to their very strict but
vibrant Russian style.
These are just a few examples of the wealth of talent and culture
which arrived in Israel fairly recently by the hundreds of thousands from
the former Soviet Union. -- Y.A.
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OUR REPRESENTATIVES IN HEBRON
Once again, it is hard for the truth to catch up with the
allegations. This time, it was the charge of strained relations between
the Jewish residents of Hebron and the IDF soldiers serving there. In
response, members of the Jewish community have shared some of the many
letters of thanks and admiration they have received over the years from
soldiers.
Hevron resident Anat Cohen, speaking on Arutz-7 radio, related the
following anecdote: "The soldiers who served here about four to six
months ago told us, 'In the opening briefing session at the beginning of
our stint, we were told all sorts of negative things about you, and they
even brought in a psychologist who presented an analysis of you. But
don't worry, because the soldiers who had been here before told us not to
believe a thing they said about you.'"
She read aloud some of the letters sent to them by the soldiers.
Some excerpts: "We came here four months ago for what we were told would
be a very draining stint. In truth, it was hard, but there were also
some really enjoyable times, for which we would like to thank you. Thank
you for the smiles in the mornings, and for the waves as you passed by at
the checkpoints, which always reminded us that, despite the hardships, we
were protecting our own brothers....There was also some friction, to be
sure, but this was merely a result of our being (good) soldiers....Again
thanks for adding some pleasantness to our army stint here." "...[To
the] very fine people in Hevron, for whom it is a pleasure to stand
guard. With love, thanks, and admiration, sincerely yours...." "Thanks
for the warm care during the days of snow, on the constant good will that
turned Tel Rumeida into Rumeida Renaissance [a five-star hotel] for us."
Cohen also told how a Hevron youth won a mini-stereo system in last
week's Purim carnival: "The boy promptly announced that because he had
just bought a similar system the month before, he wished to donate his
prize to the new soldiers who had just arrived in Hevron, for their
listening enjoyment during their free hours. The soldiers were happy to
receive the present, and warmly thanked the boy. A few days later, one
of the soldiers abashedly arrived at the boy's home to return the stereo,
saying that he had been ordered by "higher-ups" not to receive bribes
from the Jewish community...."
* * *
Moledet MK Rabbi Benny Elon, responding to those who constantly
refer to the small number of Jewish families living today in Hebron,
commented: "We must return to the original verse in the Torah: 'Kiryat
Arba is Hevron.' We must stop thinking of Hevron as just a certain
amount of families, but rather as a neighborhood of Kiryat Arba. There
are really thousands of Jews living in Kiryat Arba-Hevron -- which are
the same place. As soon as people realize this, everything will
change....Furthermore, we must ensure that between Kiryat Arba and Hevron
there be a territorial contiguity, which actually already exists! We
must simply widen [the road that connects the two] more. Our public
protest must be on behalf of more Jewish construction to connect the
Jewish homes of Hevron and Kiryat Arba - the road known as Rabbi Goren
Road must be widened and cleared of all the broken-down abandoned
buildings, and Givat HaAvot (Hill of the Patriarchs) must be built up,
and thus a living entity known as Kiryat Arba-Hevron will be created.
"But I do not want to end only with words of 'advice,' rather I want
to express my admiration for the representatives of the People of Israel,
who are protecting the City of the Patriarchs for us, and we are with
them. They are not a small number -- they are the entire Nation of
Israel."
(Arutz-7 Radio, March 17, 1998; www.a7.org)
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THE SONS BUILD THE CITY OF OUR FATHERS
Strengthen the Jewish presence in Hebron, the City of our Fathers.
Despite the handing over of most of the city, despite the difficulties,
slowly and stubbornly we are deepening our roots, strengthening and
expanding our presence in the City of our Fathers. We have finally begun
building Beit Nahum V'Yehuda (named after Nachum Hoss and Yehuda Partush,
murdered by Arab terrorists three years ago), to become the home for six
additional Jewish families in Hebron.
We have begun; help us to continue. Great and continuous efforts
are required to build in Hebron. We have completed the planning stage,
the removal of ruins and digging the foundations, and are currently
preparing to pour the concrete for the foundations, but we need your help
to continue. With your contribution towards the purchase of bricks for
the building, together we will succeed in constructing a new Jewish house
in Hebron.
For further information, contact the Restorers of Jewish Settlement
in Hebron, P.O. Box 105, Kiryat Arba-Hebron, Tel. 972-2-0065333, Fax 972-
2-9965304; The Hebron Fund, Inc., 1760 Ocean Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11230,
Tel. 718-677-6886, Fax. 718-677-6883; http://www.hebron.org.il, email:
hebron@hebron.org.il.
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SETTLEMENT OF THE LAND SETS OUR FATE FOR GENERATIONS
Ariel Sharon
[Ariel Sharon is 70 years old, Minister of National Infrastructure,
in the past Minister of Defense, Minister of Housing and Construction,
Minister of Industry and Commerce, Minister of Agriculture, and before
that General of the Southern Command -- who led the Israeli counterattack
into Egypt in the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Commander of the Paratroopers, and
Commander of Unit 101.]
Q: In what realm do you see your greatest successes, in victories on
the battlefield opposite the enemy or in the realm of settlement?
A: Having the privilege of serving in all the wars was of great
importance, but in my opinion, what will decide our fate for many years
to come is Jewish settlement. I had the privilege of making decisions on
the establishment of 230 settlements and outposts in the Galilee, the
Negev, the Golan Heights, in Judea and Samaria, the Jordan Valley, and
the Gaza District. This appears to me as something which in fact affects
our fate for generations. Settlement is the most important factor.
At the end of the 1967 war, as head of the Training Department of
the General Staff, I ordered the transfer of army training bases to
former Jordanian bases throughout Judea and Samaria, with the knowledge
and permission of then Minister of Defense Moshe Dayan. Housing for the
families of career soldiers followed. In 1977, the first civilian
settlements were established next to these military bases.
This began under the Labor government, the government of Rabin
[prime minister] and Peres [defense minister]. Then when the great
settlement drive began in 1977, when 12 groups from Gush Emunim went up
in one night, they all followed the military structure we had created.
When there is a settlement, there is a living thing: the doctor
comes to visit, children go to school, women give birth, there's a need
to bring supplies, there's life and a need for defense.
The security aspect is important, but the historical aspect is
stronger than anything. The foundation-stones of the Land of Israel are
the stories of the Bible. What other people in the world has a site like
the Tomb of the Patriarchs and Matriarchs in Hebron, nearly 4,000 years
old? In the U.S., millions of people visit the Lincoln and Jefferson
Memorials and look with emotion at something 200 years old.
(Interview by Uri Dan, _Maariv_, Musaf Pesach, 10 Apr 98, pp. 24-28)
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BUILDING IN EFRAT
The new city of Efrat in Judea is celebrating its 15th birthday this
Pesach with bulldozers, tractors and dump trucks barrelling along on its
newest hill, Givat HaZayit. Work is reportedly ahead of schedule on the
Build Your Own Home section of the hill, located on its eastern slope
facing Givat HaDagan. Instead of January '99, they're hoping to finish
the infrastructuare in August '98, and most of the lots are already sold.
(_Voices_, 3 Apr 98)
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Israel's 50th Birthday Stories:
THE ETZEL CONQUERS JAFFA
Pesach-April 1948. The British are still in the country but the
underground Etzel fighters now operate in the open. At midnight, the
next night after the Pesach Seder, 600 men of the Etzel gathered in ranks
in Ramat Gan, proud to end the years underground and to create an above-
ground army. Opposite the group came their commander, Menachem Begin.
Many in the group were not sure that this was indeed their commander
speaking to them since many had never seen his face. Four of the group
recently volunteered to recreate the story of the operation to conquer
Jaffa -- Menachem Miltsky, Yosef Nahmias, Eliezer Sharon, and Baruch
Viner. They are all convinced to this day that the conquest of Jaffa was
the most important battle in the establishment of the State of Israel
since it prevented the establishment of another "Gaza" in the heart of
Tel Aviv.
"Jaffa was the first target for attack not only because it was the
constant source of shelling and wounding of people in Tel Aviv, but out
of concern that if it remained in Arab hands, it would serve as an entry
port for the Egyptian army and its tanks, right on the edge of Tel Aviv.
Thanks to the conquest of Jaffa, our army was free to concentrate its
activities on widening the borders of the Land of Israel.
"At the time there were still 4,500 British troops in Jaffa. The
British wanted to keep Jaffa as an Arab city because they didn't want to
leave the country. They wanted the Egyptians to come through Jaffa with
their army, and then the Jews would be so weak they would beg the British
to return and protect them.
"The Etzel had 4-5 armored cars, one of which had been 'liberated'
from the British. We advanced on the Arab positions in an armored car
and succeeded in taking the first sandbagged position, but then saw that
the road was defended every 50 meters by another position and then
another. It became clear that the best way to advance was not along the
road but from house to house. We brought up explosives that we had
manufactured and began to blow the first wall in a line of houses that
stretched to the sea. We proceeded from house to house, creating what
seemed to be a tunnel through them all. In 18 hours we reached the sea.
Then at the Italian school we were stopped by the British who fired on us
from their armored cars.
"The battle shifted to the British police fort at Manshiya, which we
bombarded and cut in two. On the third day the British opened fire on
our positions with their tanks and killed 11 of our men.
"Overall it was a very difficult battle, against not only Arabs but
also Yugoslavs, Syrians, Sudanese, Iraqis, Poles, and some say there were
even Germans. But we never captured any Germans, though we captured all
the rest. Perhaps they escaped.
"Some of the Arab fighters ran back into the city and began to loot
it and rob their own people. When the Arab residents of Jaffa saw what
their own heroes were doing to them, they feared what would happen when
the Jews came, and began to escape by sea and in British trucks. We were
able to bombard the center of Jaffa with mortar shells we had taken from
a British supply train and this also led the population to flee. From a
population of 80,000 Arabs, only 5,000 remained, thereby saving the State
of Israel. If the Arabs of Jaffa had surrendered and not fled, they
would today number half a million in the heart of Tel Aviv."
(Interview by Shuki Levanon, _Makor Rishon_ Magazine, 10 Apr 98, pp.
20-23)
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OPERATION YOAV: A GOLANI OFFICER'S STORY
Efrat Michaeli
Yoav Yoram is proof that the myth of the determined, ideologically
motivated sabra remains alive. Even with one leg he continues to climb
stubbornly upward.
Yoram, 25, born and raised in Haifa, serves as a platoon commander
in the Golani Brigade. His left leg was amputated below the knee during
a military operation of the Golani reconnaissance platoon on 28 December
1993. Three and a half months after he was wounded he returned to the
reconnaissance unit and has continued as a career officer.
Q: Wasn't it scary to lose your leg?
A: Yes, but you see that you're alive. You see that all your
important limbs are in place. You give thanks for what you have, you
don't cry for what you don't have.
Q: Were you afraid that it would hurt your relationships with the
opposite sex?
A: I was very concerned about that, but there was nothing to worry
about. Everything's fine. It works out. I don't feel crippled. I have
a physical limitation. A cripple is someone who is not independent.
Q: Where do you see yourself in the future?
A: I don't know. I see myself now running with my platoon. I have
a very clear vision towards my platoon: to make them as prepared as
possible for war and to make them the best possible human beings, who
should know where they came from and where they're going, to know the
land. I want to teach them a bit of Zionism and ideology.
Q: You seem to love the army life, the responsibility of being an
officer and teacher.
A: Show me another 25-year-old in civilian life that has such
responsibility over the lives of 100 people. To be a platoon commander
is to be everything: commander, father, mother. Most importantly, you
have to be a personal example every second.
(_Maariv_ Weekend, 3 Apr 98, pp. 15-22)
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EXODUS 1947 -- AN EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT
Yossi Barnea
Yitzhak Ganoz, a leader of the illegal immigrants aboard the ship
"Exodus," has in recent years found himself defending his experiences
against the "new historians" who are rewriting the history that he
himself endured.
Ganoz's father, a Hebrew and Jewish studies teacher in Lithuania,
was arrested in 1939 by the invading Russians. The rest of the family
were sent to Kazakhstan in western Siberia where they had to fight for
their survival. They were sent out to a rural village to cut wood and
then later sent to build a railway line. "It was hard work....We lived
in tents with winter temperatures as low as -40 degrees Celsius. There
was a heater in the tent, but many people died due to the harsh
conditions."
After the war, the family went to Poland but dreamed of going to
Israel. Aliya groups were being formed by emissaries from Israel and
because Yitzhak knew Hebrew he was asked to be a youth group leader in
the displaced persons camps. "I was responsible for children who arrived
from the ghettos, most of whom were orphans, some of whom had been
partisans. From Poland we entered Czechoslovakia illegally through
forests and over mountains. We reached Prague and then went into Germany
where we reached a camp for refugees from Eastern Europe. It was there
we found out that the Nazis had murdered all of our relatives."
From Germany, Ganoz and some of his friends stole into France in
order to reach Marseilles. In July 1947, the "President Warfield," later
renamed the "Exodus," set sail from southern France for Israel.
The boat was tightly packed with 4,500 men, women and children,
survivors of the Holocaust -- from the concenetration camps, former
partisans, and Jews from the Soviet Union. The "Exodus" was not meant to
sneak into Israel; rather, its purpose was to break through the British
blockade in broad daylight, to run aground and then the passengers would
swim to shore.
"However, on July 18, after a week of sailing, when the ship was
still 20 miles from the shores of Israel, the British ships following us
ordered us to give up and allow British soldiers aboard. We armed
ourselves with sticks and tin cans, and with the flag of the Jewish
state-in-the-making flying overhead, we sang 'Hatikva' loudly and shouted
to the British that we would not let them on our boat and warned them not
to come near us.
"The battle continued for hours with British Marines trying to get
past the angry Jews on board. Emblazoned in my memory are the British
soldiers climbing on board and being pushed off into the sea below.
Finally they succeeded in reaching the bridge where they began shooting
at us. A fifteen-year-old boy was shot dead. The helmsman was killed as
the air filled with sounds of gunfire and tear gas. The British
conquered the ship and dragged it into Haifa Bay.
"At the port there was a curfew. No Jews were present. We were
split up into three ships destined to take us away from Israel. From
afar we could see Mt. Carmel -- almost within reach -- but we were
imprisoned on a crowded, hot ship.
"There were many women and children on our ship. Some of the women
were pregnant and there were births. One baby died. The British put him
in a box and threw him overboard -- that was his burial.
"We hoped that we would be brought to Cyprus, as the British did
with all the other ships before us. However, we were taken back to
France. Despite the terrible conditions, a decision was made not to get
off the ship. The French sent a delegation to convince us to leave the
ship and even indicated that they might give us French citizenship if we
did. That night a small boat with Hagana people came to our ship and
encouraged us not to debark. They would bring us to Israel. Some people
were sick and elected to leave, but most stayed.
"After a number of weeks anchored off France, the British gave us an
ultimatum to leave the ship within 24 hours or they would bring us to
Germany where we would be removed by force. It should be pointed out
that our ship, as opposed to the other two ships, had no representatives
of the Hagana on board, and all the decisions were made by the committee
of the immigrants themselves.
"There were six or seven on the committee -- youth leaders 20-30
years of age. I was 20. I remember a long meeting into the night when
we decided that we would not get off the ship and that we would demand to
be taken to the Land of Israel. We had no means of communication with
the other two ships. It was as if we were on a floating prison. Hagana
people in France managed to put orders into the food we received, but we
had no connection with the other ships.
"One day, a Hagana man disguised as a French porter came to us with
orders to stay on the ship and to hold on. That gave us strength, but we
had already made the decision for ourselves. After the ultimatum was up
we sailed for Germany -- to the port of Hamburg."
The "new historians" have claimed that the immigrants were only
tools in the hands of the Zionists. "Last July there was a special
television program, broadcast live, on the "Exodus" which caused great
distress and disappointment to my friends and I. The moderator began
with the words: 'The myth begins to crack.'
"We sat there in the audience listening as 'learned experts' claimed
that the Zionist movement forced people to come to Israel. This was so
insulting to those survivors and refugees who fell in the fight for
Israel's independence.
"I was there and those 'learned experts,' whose testimony carries
such weight, were not. These historians do not see the absurdity in
their words. How could the emissaries force people to volunteer to fight
or even to get on the ship? The moderator of the program did not even
bother to ask for our reaction.
"Nobody forced us to come and fight. We volunteered. We were
Zionists with a vision of a Jewish state. We understood the importance
of the times. How could they force the youth in the displaced persons
camps to come and fight? They had no means with which to do so. There
were no military police, and everyone was fed and clothed in the camps by
the JDC and the UN. As was also pointed out on the program, many of the
refugees did not come to Israel, which only proves that everyone had a
free choice."
On June 30, 1948, Yitzhak Ganoz reached Israel. As he arrived on
the beach, he saw the ship "Altalena" [see JM 3.6] going up in flames.
He himself did not participate in any of the battles during the War of
Independence, but many of his friends from the Exodus did -- some giving
their lives for the Jewish homeland.
(_Makor Rishon_, Magazine, 27 Feb 1998)
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Israel's Security Problem:
BETWEEN THE HEBRON SCHOOL AND THE OSLO SCHOOL
Hagai Segel
Some Jews are complaining about opening Israel's month-long official
celebrations of its 50th birthday in Hebron, asking why there should be a
connection between the state's jubilee year and Hebron since Jewish
settlement in Hebron is only 30 years old.
They have obviously misplaced two zeros in their reasoning. Jewish
settlement in the City of our Fathers is much more than 3,000 years old.
When the Levinger family moved to Hebron exactly 30 years ago, they did
not do it as pioneers like Columbus but as residents who returned home
after a temporary absence, in historic terms. At the time they had a
document signed by David Ben-Gurion, a famous pensioner from Sde Boker
[first prime minister of Israel], in which he wrote, "In Hebron begins
Jewish history." In the same document he emphasized that in Hebron the
first Hebrew army arose (the operation to save Lot), the Hebrew kingship
was established, and the first Hebrew grave was made. His forceful
conclusion was: "We will be making an enormous and terrible mistake if we
do not settle a large Jewish neighborhood in Hebron in the shortest
possible time." It is not impossible to imagine that if Ben-Gurion was
still alive today, we would have seen him on the dais of the celebration
in Hebron, together with Yigal Allon.
The Zionism of the "Peace Camp" is based on the total separation of
the State of Israel from Jewish history. Nothing that happened here
before the last British administrator left is of interest to our friends
from Peace Now. They remember Deir Yassin in minutest detail but
consider as "nudnicks" those who draw conclusions from the massacres of
1929. The El-Aksa Mosque convinces them more than the two Jewish Holy
Temples which preceded it at the same site.
What can the Palestinians do? They have practically no history,
certainly no archeology. That's why it's so important for their Israeli
spokesmen to eradicate the experiences that we've acquired since our
Father Abraham, to create a false chronological symmetry between Israel
and Palestine.
The coming 50 years will decide between those who continue history
and those who deny it, between the school of Hebron and the school of
Oslo. In the end I believe we will see the rehabilitation of the
collective memory because it will become clear that there is no way to
maintain the State of Israel without basing it in full on its history.
(_Maariv_, Musaf Pesach, 10 Apr 98, p. 22)
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ARAB PRIORITIES
Gerald Steinberg
No one is forcing Palestinian workers to enter Israel in search of
jobs. If the PA would invest the same energies and resources in
developing its own economy, that it invests in its oversize "police"
force and the villas on the Gaza coast, it could significantly reduce the
number of workers that have to seek jobs in Israel. Corruption and
twisted priorities keep the Palestinians dependent on Israel for
employment.
(From "Start Separation Now," _Jerusalem Post_, 13 March 98, p. 9)
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67 PALESTINIANS MURDERED BY PA FOR SUSPECTED COOPERATION WITH ISRAEL
67 Palestinians suspected of cooperating with Israel have been
murdered and 96 others injured since the establishment of the Palestinian
Authority on May 18, 1994. Rather than protect such people as it agreed
to do in the Oslo Accords it signed, the PA and its security services
have targeted and intimidated such residents of Judea, Samaria and Gaza.
The Palestinian security services expend considerable efforts to
monitor and interrogate such Palestinians. The most recent assault took
place on March 29, 1998, when the body of Ribhi Musfi, aged 48, was found
on the outskirts of Palestinian-controlled Jericho.
(Israel Government Press Office, 6 Apr 98)
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JEW AND ARAB
Ze'ev Jabotinsky
My attitude is determined by two principles. First, I regard it as
absolutely impossible that the Arabs can be driven out of Palestine;
there will always be two peoples in Palestine. Second, I support the
equality of rights of all peoples living in the same state. I am
prepared to swear in our name and in the name of our descendants that we
shall never violate these equal rights nor try to drive anybody out.
Whether it is always possible, however, to attain a peaceful goal by
peaceful means is a question of a different order. For the answer to
this question depends not on our attitude towards the Arabs but on the
attitude of the Arabs to Zionism.
A voluntary agreement between us and the Arabs of Eretz Israel is
out of the question, now or in the foreseeable future, for it is utterly
impossible to obtain the willing agreement of the Palestine Arabs to
transform "Falastin" into a land with a Jewish majority.
The people who talk of peace seem to believe that the Arabs are
either fools who can be taken in by a "sugar-coated" formulation of
Zionist aims or are a tribe of materialsts who can be bribed by cultural
and economic benefits. I reject unequivocally this assessment of the
Arabs of Palestine. Their intelligence is not inferior to the Jews.
However we may dilute and sweeten the presentation of our aims, they
understand what we really want, just as we understand what they really do
not want, and they will continue fighting as long as they have the
glimmer of hope to make the transformation of "Falastin" to Eretz Israel
impossible. Only if our stance is as strong as an iron wall will the
Arabs be compelled to make peace with Zionism once and for all.
(From _Lone Wolf_ by Shmuel Katz, pp. 930-934)
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*** BACK ISSUES ***
1993 - Vol. 1: Issues 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6
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1997 - Vol. 5: Issues 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6
1998 - Vol. 6: Issues 6.1, 6.2
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