Judea Magazine, No. 3.6
Hebron Etzion
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JUDEA ELECTRONIC MAGAZINE Vol.3, No.6 Kislev-Tevet 5756/Nov-Dec 1995
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Contents:
* In Memoriam: Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin
* Save Ancient Tekoa
* Entering the Cave of Machpelah
* The Book of Rachel
* Jewish Heroes: The New York City Police and the Irgun
* Jews Killing Jews -- 1948
* Kobi Epstein Joins the Army
* Population Growth in Judea, 1992-1994
* Jewish Schools in the Etzion Bloc
* Plant a Tree in Judea
* The Hope of the Jewish Future
* Look at What They Teach Their Children
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IN MEMORIAM
Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, veteran fighter for Israel and fellow Jew
*************************************************************************
SAVE ANCIENT TEKOA
A Jewish nightmare: In the spring of 1996, the Palestinian Authority
decides to build houses for Arab refugees on Tel Tekoa, site of ancient
Tekoa, birthplace and burial place of the Prophet Amos. The extensive
network of ruins and caves at the largely unexcavated archological site
of the ancient city are dynamited and levelled by bulldozers,
obliterating all traces of its Jewish past.
Tel Tekoa is slated to be turned over to the control of the
Palestinian Authority Antiquities Department. While there is no
historical Arab relationship to the site, relics from the First and
Second Temple periods, some with Hebrew inscriptions, were recovered from
Tel Tekoa by archeologist Yuval Baruch as recently as Fall 1995.
The Bible speaks often of ancient Tekoa. It was the home of King
David's chief of staff Yoav Ben Tsruya, David's general Ira Ben Akesh,
and "the wise woman of Tekoa," and was one of the cities fortified by
King Rechavam. The Prophet Jeremiah recalled that when the enemy
approached Judea, "in Tekoa they blew the Shofar." Indeed, the name
"Tekoa" comes from the word for blowing the Shofar, and the place was
named after the ancients who blew the Shofar to call the young men to
battle.
When Nehemiah came to rebuild Jerusalem in 445 BCE, he recorded that
the residents of Tekoa participated in the city's rebuilding. Indeed,
one of the southern gates in the wall around Jerusalem is called the
Tekoa Gate after the road that leads out to Tekoa.
In the year 69 CE, Tekoa served as a base for the forces of Shimon
Bar Giora, one of the leaders of the Great Revolt against the Romans.
History records that Shimon asked the Jews of Tekoa to help in recruiting
the guards of the nearby Herodion fortress to join the revolt.
Just beyond Tel Tekoa is the Tekoan Desert, the part of the Judean
Desert closest to Tekoa. The Tekoan Desert was a battlefield in the days
of Jehosafat, King of Judea, who defended the kingdom against the
invading Moabites and Ammonites. The Book of Maccabees describes how in
the time of the war against the Assyrian Greeks, Tekoa was beseiged and
the Hasmonian brothers Jonathan and Simon fled to the Tekoan Desert after
their brother Judah was killed in battle. It was there that they
regrouped the Jewish forces and returned to conquer Jerusalem.
The military value of Tekoa in controlling the roads into the desert
and in its proximity to Jerusalem is also summarized in the Hebrew
Encyclopedia.
On 20 December 1995, residents of Tekoa and the Etzion Bloc came to
Tel Tekoa to view the latest archeological digs and to light the candles
for the fourth night of Hanukkah. We ask everyone who cares about
preserving the treasure of Jewish heritage still hidden at Tel Tekoa to
contact the leaders of the Israel government to demand the retention of
Israeli control over the site. Please help us save ancient Tekoa!
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ENTERING THE CAVE OF MACHPELAH
Noam Arnon
The yearning to enter and pray in the Cave of Machpelah (the Tombs
of the Patriarchs and Matriarchs in Hebron) has existed within the Jewish
People for centuries. Scores of Jews braved many trials and tribulations
in order to reach Hebron. However, only a very few were privileged to
enter the building covering the cave itself. As is well known, the Arabs
prevented Jews from entering this ancient structure, built during the
Second Temple period by King Herod, on the grounds that it is used as a
mosque. Jews were only allowed to come up to the seventh step of the
entrance. This ignores the fact that Islam was founded some 2,500 years
after our Patriarch Abraham purchased the Cave and its surrounding field,
and 700 years after the Jews built the huge monument covering the Tombs.
Over the centuries a handful of Jews managed to secure entrance into
the building after paying substantial bribes to the Arab guards, but no
one succeeded in gaining entrance into the Cave of the Patriarchs itself,
deep underground.
The legends about those who dared to seek entrance to the Cave are
tales of fear, warning that whoever enters will not return. Yet there is
one story about a Jew who actually did so. Some three hundred years ago,
Rabbi Avraham Azuli, known as the "Hesed l'Avraham," was ordered by the
Turkish Sultan to retrieve his saber which had fallen through a narrow
hole from the main hall above the entrance to the Cave. A number of the
Sultan's soldiers had been lowered down to retrieve it, only to die there
underground. Rabbi Azuli successfully recovered the Sultan's sword and
thereby prevented the fulfillment of a harsh decree which had been
proclaimed against the Jewish population of Hebron.
When the Jews returned to Hebron in 1967, then Minister of Defense
Moshe Dayan promptly returned the keys and responsibility for the site to
the Muslim Waqf, whose guards made every effort to block any permanent
Jewish presence at the Cave. They attempted to stop Jewish worship at
the site and blocked any possibility of Jews entering the underground
Tombs.
Dayan, an amateur archeologist, then became curious about the
underground Cave. Within the largest hall of the building, named for the
Patriarch Isaac, there is a hole in the floor through which candles are
lowered into the room below. From this room was reputed to be the
entrance into the Cave of Machpelah itself. However, because the
diameter of the hole is extremely narrow, Dayan asked a courageous, 12-
year-old girl named Michel to let herself be lowered into the underground
room.
One misty night, Dayan ordered the Muslim guards to leave the
building "for reasons of security," and then Michal was lowered into the
underground room. The spectators were filled with suspense and worry
when the girl disappeared from sight.
Michal found herself in a round room, whose floor was covered with
coins, candles, and written notes. Looking around, she saw a narrow,
dark corridor to the south. The girl entered this hallway and after 17
meters discovered a stairwell. In total darkness she climbed the steps.
After 15 steps she found a large stone blocking her way. She tried to
move the stone but couldn't. She turned around, descended the stairs,
and headed back to the small room via the narrow corridor. There, she
was lifted back into Isaac Hall where she was happily received, totally
unharmed.
Dayan wrote out the description of her findings and sketched the
underground area as described by the girl: a circular room, a corridor,
and the stairs. Yet the entrance to the Cave remained a mystery and was
not drawn.
Moshe Dayan's story piqued the curiosity of a group of us from
Midreshet Hebron and we were determined to find a way into the
underground room. We could not, of course, enter the same way as Michal,
but the other side of that corridor she had described caught our
attention. She related that she had climbed stairs that were blocked by
a stone. Where could that stone be?
We measured the distances she had described and realized that the
stone must be on the other side of Isaac Hall, covered by Arab prayer
rugs. The area was always occupied by Arabs. How could we succeed in
moving that stone, thereby allowing us to descend below?
We found the answer during the month of Elul, the month of mercy and
repentance preceding Rosh Hashanah. We began saying special prayers of
repentance every evening at midnight. The Arab guards employed by the
Waqf were not overly alert or awake at that time of night, and one night
they left their usual place and went off to sleep. When we saw this, we
brought a big chisel to the midnight prayer service. In the middle of
the service, we began to sing and dance. During the dancing, some of us
made our way to the Arab prayer rugs, lifted them, and revealed the
stone. It was held in place by metal bars attached to surrounding
stones. We began hammering on the stone with the chisel and after a
while it began to move. It is difficult to describe the emotion we felt
when we saw the stone move away from the opening beneath it. We entered
the opening, our hearts pounding with excitement. We found the stairs
that led down into the darkness and descended slowly. The stairs led to
a narrow corridor. We continued through the corridor, using flashlights
to guide our way. We reached the circular room and looked around. On
the wall were three stones, but no cave was visible.
Several minutes later an additional mystery presented itself. We
began to feel a breeze of air. Looking down at the ground we saw several
stones that appeared to be stuck, one to the other. The wind seemed to
be originating from between them. Within moments, emotions flying, we
lifted up the stones and saw a cave of rock, leading into the earth.
We crawled through a very narrow opening into a circular cave,
carved in the stone, deep in the earth. The cave was filled with dust,
to its very edge. It was impossible to stand or sit, only to crawl. We
continued inside until it widened and then came to a second cave. This
cave was smaller than the first and was also filled with dust, but among
the dust were bones and remnants of pottery scattered around, some of it
still in good condition.
Wind blew in the caves, but the sounds of our hearts pounding was
audible. No living being had been this close to the Patriarchs in
thousands of years. We each spent some time considering the significance
of being in the Cave of the Patriarchs, adjacent to Abraham, Isaac and
Jacob, Sarah, Rebecca, and Leah, and even, according to tradition, to the
tombs of Adam and Eve, by the entrance to the Garden of Eden, where souls
and prayers ascend.
As we investigated further it became clear that the pottery belonged
to the First Temple era, the Era of the Judean Kings.
After several hours, as dawn approached, we were forced to leave
these sacred caverns, so as not to be caught below. We felt privileged
to have prayed at the underground Cave of Machpelah, united, if only for
a few moments, as sons with their Fathers.
(Adapted from _Hebron Today_, Internet, 16 Nov 95;
hebron@jer1.co.il)
*************************************************************************
THE BOOK OF RACHEL
Sharon Katz
In most families there is a Rachel somewhere, and every Rachel is
ultimately named after the original Rachel, the beloved Matriarch of the
Jewish People. The Yeshiva of Rachel's Tomb in Bethlehem is searching
for every Rachel in the world.
The Voice of Rachel Project wants to inscribe the full name,
address, and date of birth of every Rachel in the world in an official
leather-bound book to be on display at Rachel's Tomb. If you are a
Rachel or know a Rachel, please send this information along with one
doller for processing to Rachel's Tomb Committee, P.O. Box 1029, Derech
Efrata 90435, Israel.
For a donation of $10 or more, we will send you an official
certificate, suitable for framing, bearing the name of your "Rachel" and
confirmation that her name has been recorded in the Book of Rachel at
Rachel's Tomb. Checks may be made out to the Central Fund of Israel,
earmarked "Rachel's Tomb," and mailed to 1460 Broadway, New York, NY
10036.
Proceeds from the Voice of Rachel Project support the Yeshiva of
Rachel's Tomb, a kollel comprised of post-Army students who will ensure
that Rachel's Tomb will always remain accessible to the Jewish People.
(From Shomrei Efrat; shomrei-ef@jer1.co.il)
*************************************************************************
Jewish Heroes
THE NEW YORK CITY POLICE AND THE IRGUN
Leon Katz, former Inspector General of New York prisons and veteran
New York City policeman, is currently a major in the Israel Police
volunteers, having made aliya in 1981. Only recently has Katz agreed to
reveal the heretofor secret story of how a group of Jewish policemen in
New York helped procure arms for the Irgun freedom fighters in British-
controlled Mandatory Palestine.
In 1946, Katz was approached by his rabbi, the late Mordechai
Morduchowitz, a vice-president of the Agudas Rabbonim of North America,
on behalf of the Irgun and asked to form a cell of Jewish police officers
to obtain arms and ammunition. Katz then turned to his father, who
replied: "Help them."
That advice spurred Katz on to gather together his "minyan" of
Jewish policemen including boyhood friends from the Lower East Side. As
a front for the organization they established a day care center for
deprived children of all denominations and named it after a childhood
friend who had fallen during World War II, Sidney Friedman. Its basement
provided the clandestine arms storage depot.
Katz and his coterie procured arms in two ways. One was via his
rabbi's connections with other rabbis through Agudas Rabbonim. Appeals
to congregations in towns and villages resulted in frequent sorties by
Katz upstate to speak at secret meetings in private homes to persuade
synagogue members to hand over their arms to him.
Even more clandestine was the procurement of arms via the police
department itself. The department took weapons from the public on a
regular basis owing to the granting of an amnesty to all former soldiers
returning from the war with weapons. No questions were asked and no
receipts given. Through Jewish policemen in that unit, more than 90
percent of the firearms and weapons turned in found their way through
Katz to the Irgun. Cell member Harry Bassin obtained a specialist
firearms repair licence from the police department that enabled him to
service vital equipment at home for the Irgun supplies.
Katz's wife and young sons accompanied him on many a trip to collect
the arms and he and his colleagues always wore uniforms. Both the
presence of his family and the uniform meant that no questions were ever
asked.
After a Haganah arms shipment was discovered on a New York pier when
a crate was dropped and broke open, apparently Teddy Kollek, then the
Haganah representative in New York and later Mayor of Jerusalem, traded
information on the Irgun operation in return for covering up the
incident. With Kollek's tip-off to the FBI, a raid was planned on the
Irgun group, who received advance warning.
Two FBI agents of Irish extraction arrived to find a garage full of
arms, but, after being plied with welcome liquor and having their shared
hostility towards the British aired, they soon appreciated the threats
made to them by the Jewish policemen who "had seen them lurking in the
area with guns." As a result, the FBI agents were more than willing to
report that they had found an empty garage, which it was, after the
removal trucks arrived.
The whole operation nearly exploded into the public eye after the
establishment of the state in 1948 with the threat of ruined lives and
police careers. At Rabbi Mitchell Eskolsky's eulogy to honor cell member
Wolf Silberstein at his tombstone consecration, he revealed that
Silberstein "supplied pistols that were smuggled into the homeland."
Katz and the rabbi then approached the press table and asked the chairman
of the Newspaper Association to forget the story. The man, a director of
the children's institution set up by Katz, that also cared for Catholic
children, agreed.
(Adapted from Lucille Cohen, _In Jerusalem_, 3 Nov 95, p. 8).
*************************************************************************
JEWS KILLING JEWS -- 1948
Samuel Schachter
The tragedy of Jewish violence against fellow-Jews did not begin in
Tel Aviv in November 1995. I was an eyewitness to the killing of Israeli
Jews, by other Israeli Jews in the spring of 1948, shortly after the
State of Israel was established, just a few miles from the site where
Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated.
In June 1948, I was a 19-year-old member of the Irgun Zvai Leumi,
the Jewish international fighting force led by Menachem Begin. The IZL's
guerrilla warfare had played a crucial role in forcing the British to
leave the Holy Land, and now we were taking part in the united Jewish
effort to repel the Arab invasion of the newborn Jewish state.
The most serious obstacle we faced was a drastic shortage of
weapons. Our battalions had plenty of volunteers, but there weren't
always enough guns to go around. And the shortage of weapons was
impeding efforts to forge a single, united Israeli Army. During the
spring of 1948, IZL units were gradually being absorbed into the Army,
which was dominated by the labor Zionist militia, the Haganah, and its
strike force, the Palmach. Long-time political rivals were joining hands
in defense of the Jewish state. New soldiers were expected to bring
their underground weapons with them into the new Israeli Army. IZL
members who had weapons were allowed to join first. Those of us who
didn't have weapons had to wait.
The answer to our prayers -- or so we thought -- was the S.S.
Altalena, an IZL ship carrying weapons that had been purchased abroad,
which in June 1948 approached Israel's shores. The weapons were for the
Israeli Army; the IZL's only condition was that 20% of them be allocated
to the fight for Jerusalem, which was then under Arab siege. Prime
Minister David Ben-Gurion at first agreed.
I was taking part in training exercises in an abandoned British Army
base near Netanya on that June afternoon when a messenger brought
shocking news: Palmach forces, under the command of young Yitzhak Rabin,
were shooting at the Altalena. Ben-Gurion had apparently reneged on the
agreement and decided to strike a blow at Begin and the IZL, his
political rivals. About 20 of us immediately boarded trucks and sped
towards the Tel Aviv beach front where the Altalena had tried to land. I
remember the journey as if it were yesterday. All the way, I was
thinking to myself that it couldn't be true, Jews wouldn't shoot at other
Jews.
But when we reached Tel Aviv, my worst fears were confirmed. We
weaved our way past the beach front cafes and across the sand. But
almost as soon as we set foot on the beach, we were attacked. As bullets
whizzed by, we pressed ourselves against the wall that rings the beach
front. For more than 15 minutes, the gunfire continued. I vividly
recall several shots missing me by mere inches. Several of our boys had
guns with them, but we were under orders to refrain from shooting back.
The Irgun clung faithfully to the principle that there should never be a
civil war between Jews. Unfortunately, the other side didn't feel the
same way.
The shooting subsided as night fell. We stayed right where we were,
huddled against the beach wall for protection from the Haganah's bullets.
Nobody slept a wink. During the night, Irgun members from another unit
joined us. They described how their trucks had been fired upon by
Haganah forces as they drove through the Beit Dagan area, on their way to
Tel Aviv. Five Irgun boys had been killed by the gunfire. They, too, did
not shoot back.
The Altalena had run aground in a rocky area and was anchored just
off shore. In the morning, we watched a small boat bringing the first
load of weapons to the landing spot on the beach. It flew makeshift
white flags, and announcements were made repeatedly, over loudspeakers,
that the weapons would not be used against fellow-Jews but rather would
be shipped immediately to the Jewish forces who were then fighting to
prevent the Arab conquest of Jerusalem. The first boat encountered no
opposition. But when the second boat set out, the Palmach gunners opened
fire. Several of the Irgun boys were hit. But none shot back.
The assault continued in full force. Their cannons finally sank the
ship, and their marksmen shot at the survivors as they swam to shore.
When it was all over, the Altalena went up in smoke and its weapons sank
to the bottom of the Mediterranean. At least 16 Jews had been killed.
It was a horrifying spectacle that I can never forget. Jews had shed
Jewish blood, and a permanent scar had been left upon the young Israeli
national psyche.
[The author is a businessman in Florida.]
(From _Israel and Mideast News_, ed. Murray Kahl, Internet, Nov 95)
*************************************************************************
Zionism Lives
KOBI EPSTEIN JOINS THE ARMY
Jacob (Kobi) Epstein of Montreal thought that one day he might join
the Israeli Army, but he had to finish college first, and then there was
a graduate degree in social work to complete. By the time he was free to
come to Israel he was nearly 25, and tried out the pre-Army Marvah
program first, which he enjoyed.
After many months of bureaucratic delays, Kobi finally got his call
to Basic Training. First there was an overall shakedown period to
measure everyone's abilities. Though not particularly tall or husky, and
far older than the 18-year-olds around him, Kobi brought with him a
tremendous motivation to succeed and soon found himself in a special
reconnaissance platoon of the elite Golani Brigade.
During training, the young Israelis came to adopt the older Canadian
college graduate, whose friendly, helpful nature and concern for the
group's success was appreciated by both his fellow recruits and their
officers.
In November 1995, after months of grueling training, the new
recruits to the brigade assembled at the Golani junction in the Galilee
to receive their hard-earned brown berets. When the brigade commander
read out the names of the exemplary soldiers in each platoon, he included
Kobi Epstein, who had left the comforts of North America for active duty
in the Israel Defense Forces.
*************************************************************************
A 34% Increase in 2 1/2 Years
POPULATION GROWTH IN JUDEA, 1992-1994
Local Council 30 Jun 92 31 Dec 94 Increase %
----------------------------------------------------------------
Towns:
Betar 1,603 4,878 3,275 204%
Efrat 3,181 4,606 1,425 45
Hebron 345 502 157 46
Kiryat Arba 4,765 5,044 279 6
Maale Adumim 13,968 17,745 3,777 27
Region:
Etzion Bloc 5,220 6,507 1,287 25
Hebron Hills 1,923 2,216 293 15
------ ------ ------ ---
Total 31,005 41,498 10,493 34%
(From _Gushpanka_, Etzion Bloc, June 95)
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JEWISH SCHOOLS IN THE ETZION BLOC
The pioneers who resettled the Etzion Bloc in Judea have built an
award-winning educational system for their children that ranks among the
best to be found anywhere in Israel. The system today includes:
* 14 day care centers for 330 babies and toddlers
* 26 kindergartens with 600 children
* Etzion Bloc Regional School with 900 children in grades 1-8, including
200 children from the Adulam region in the Judean foothills to the west
* Tekoa Regional School with 135 children in grades 1-6
* Beis Yaakov School at Maale Amos with 65 children
* Talmud Torah at Bat Ayin with 55 children
* Neve Hannah High School for girls with 250 students
In addition, there are many hundreds of students attending the
elementary and high schools of the Orot Etzion system in Efrat, founded
by Rabbi Shlomo Riskin. There are also over 700 mostly high school age
residents of the Etzion Bloc who go to school in Jerusalem and elsewhere.
(From _Gushpanka_, Etzion Bloc, Sept 95)
*************************************************************************
PLANT A TREE IN JUDEA
Help preserve and strengthen our heritage through the mitzvah of
beautifying the Land of Israel. Join with the town of Ma'ale Amos at the
edge of the Judean Desert to cultivate and enrich the land.
To date, Project Ilan has planted over 1,000 trees and rose bushes,
moved temporary housing to three strategic hilltops, and cleared roads to
several areas. Unfortunately, this is a small effort compared to the
tens of thousands of trees planted by the Arabs in recent years, financed
by the PLO and Saudi Arabia. The Arabs are working around the clock,
plowing, fencing, planting, and marking off unsettled land in Judea in
order to claim and occupy as much land as possible. They are working
hard to occupy the land surrounding Ma'ale Amos in order to besiege it.
Time is not on our side. To help stem this tide of Arab takeover of
Jewish land, the next time you wish to honor or remember a loved one,
instead of buying trees through funds that do not recognize Jewish rights
in Judea and Samaria, consider Project Ilan.
Among our goals for this year is to plant at least 3,000 new trees.
Those who help us in this endeavor will receive a beautiful certificate
for the trees planted in the name of the donor or the person or event you
wish to honor or commemorate.
Price List:
Price per tree: Fruit-bearing trees - $36; non-fruit bearing
trees - $18; Rose bushes - $10.
For orchards: 20 fruit-bearing trees - $600
For parks: 35 non-fruit bearing trees - $500
Checks should be made payable to "Beis Knesses Zichron Meir" and
mailed to: Project Ilan, Yishuv Ma'ale Amos, D.N. North Judea, Israel
*************************************************************************
THE HOPE OF THE JEWISH FUTURE
During Hanukkah, our son Akiva celebrated his Bar Mitzvah, the
Jewish coming-of-age ceremony. Before the assembled congregation of the
community in Tekoa, he read the ancient words from the Torah scroll in
Hebrew, his native language. Thousands of years of tradition brought him
and us to the day of his Bar Mitzvah -- thousands of years of belief and
practice and clinging to the Jewish faith. Only the steadfastness of
countless past generations of Jews made it possible for our son to be
born in Israel, to grow up and learn to be a Jew here, and now to become
a full-fledged member of the Jewish community with both its obligations
and privileges.
A new generation of Jewish children is being raised to understand
and appreciate the wealth of their tradition and their Jewish birthright.
While so much attention is paid to those Jews who reject their tradition,
it is these children -- our children -- who have learned to value and
continue that tradition and who carry with them the hope of the Jewish
future. -- Y.A. and M.A.
*************************************************************************
LOOK AT WHAT THE ARABS TEACH THEIR CHILDREN
To the Arabs of the Bethlehem area, "peace" means dressing their
young children in olive drab army combat fatigues to celebrate Yassir
Arafat's visit. The powerful unspoken message is clear to anyone willing
to look. They are not teaching their children about peace.
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*************************************************************************
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