Judea Magazine, No. 2.6
Hebron Etzion
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JUDEA ELECTRONIC MAGAZINE Vol.2, No.6 Kislev-Tevet 5755/Nov-Dec 1994
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Contents: THE WINTER RAINS CAME EARLY THIS YEAR
* Nahshon Wachsman z"l
* Motti Elon: Nahshon's Rabbi
* Hannah Senesh -- Heroine and Poetess / The Trial of Hannah Senesh --
1994 / Book Review: Perfidy -- The Kastner Trial
* Security: Kill a Jew and Go to Heaven / Rocks in Bethlehem / Daniel of
the Bomb Squad / The Tel Aviv Massacre: "A Great Operation" / The 100th
Victim of Peace
* Building: Another Jewish Family Moves to Hebron / Cracks in the
Building Freeze / Voting With Their Feet
* Beit Hagai Youth Village
* Christian Zionists Love Israel Too
HAPPY HANUKKAH!
*************************************************************************
NAHSHON WACHSMAN Z"L
"There was no question that he would go into a combat unit. Nahshon
was in a special Golani unit. He was the littlest one -- short and
skinny. I saw all the boys from his unit who came to the house. They
were so big and strong. They called Nahshon 'Baby.'
Even in that hell [Lebanon], the soldiers said, he smiled. Those
big, strong, tough boys would look at my son and say to themselves, 'If
he can do it, we can do it.' Nahshon kept up their morale."
Commenting on the public reaction to her son's tragedy, Esther
Wachsman said, "I really think that just as he was his unit's 'Baby,'
Nahson was everybody's baby."
"We believe that our years are numbered. When a person fulfills his
mission, then that is the end. Our faith was that these were the years
allotted to our son and he fulfilled what he was supposed to fulfill."
[Excerpts from an interview with Esther Wachsman, Nahshon's mother;
by Lisa Frydman, _In Jerusalem_, 28 Oct 94]
* * *
"Nahshon was a kid; we would call him nicknames like cockroach and
mosquito. He was always laughing and making us laugh. In basic
training, when the rest of us were exhausted he would say 'What's with
you? Soon we'll be going home.' Everyone loved him.
I cried a lot and I am not one who cries. Also the other soldiers
in our unit cried and we are not people who cry even from physical pain.
Suddenly the pain comes and with it the tears. Suddenly, for no reason.
Nahshon always said that the most important thing was that we should
be a team. We [Nahshon's unit] have decided to fulfill his wish -- to be
strong and together.
He was the size of a kid -- much smaller than the rest of us -- 20
cm. shorter and 20 kilograms lighter. At the beginning [of basic
training] it was hard for him. On the obstacle course when we had to go
over a wall, he always ran into it and couldn't get over. But every time
we had a break he would go out and practice. At the end of the course,
he could get over the wall easily. That was Nahshon -- a will of iron.
He was also very independent. He would always be given things to do
and he was an example to others. You should understand, many guys drop
out of our unit [because of the rigorous training] and if Nahshon stayed,
that says a lot about him.
When Nahshon spoke about death he would say 'Who would come to my
funeral? No one.' In the end he was everyone's soldier and the whole
country was at his funeral."
[Excerpts from an interview with Nahshon's best friend in the
Israeli army, Moshe Kefer; _Maariv Magazine_, 28 Oct 94]
*************************************************************************
MOTTI ELON: NAHSHON'S RABBI
Netty C. Gross
Rabbi Mordechai (Motti) Elon is the charismatic dean of the all-male
550-pupil Horev Yeshiva where his former student Nahshon Wachsman had
studied. He was the person to whom Wachsman's family and classmates
instinctively turned for help and solace throughout the ordeal.
Elon, 35, is the son of retired deputy president of the Israel
Supreme Court Menahem Elon. The father of six children, Elon is also an
accomplished speaker, educator, rabbi and -- more recently -- an
articulator of a refurbished, user-friendly national-religious world
view. His lectures on the weeky Torah portion are delivered to standing-
room-only audiences and are broadcast on Israel radio and television. At
Horev, Elon is appreciated as a pedagogical rarity -- a rabbinic Mr.
Chips. Students adore him in a way that is palpable.
Last year, Elon did not hesitate to rein in what he termed "a small
minority" of students who were spotted at an anti-government
demonstration shouting epithets against Prime Minister Rabin. Elon
himself had recently addressed a right-wing rally by 30,000 in Tel Aviv,
but he objected to the direct attacks on the prime minister. "Yitzhak
Rabin," recalls Elon, "was a hero who did more than anyone to liberate
Jerusalem in 1967. You may not agree with his politics today, but to
call him a traitor is an outrage."
How, he asks, can we make sense of the extraordinary impact of
Yehuda and Esther Wachsman's deep faith upon thousands; or the public
prayer at the Western Wall which, in a matter of hours, drew 50,000
people; or Nahshon's funeral, which drew 20,000 mourners, or the funeral
of Nir Poraz [the officer who died trying to save Nahshon], a total
stranger to whom Elon nevertheless feels strangely drawn.
"Our prayers raised Nahshon up. It turned the event into something
which was deep and immense. At the funeral, I saw hassidic men weeping
on Mount Herzl. I saw 12th graders from the secular high school [where
Esther Wachsman teaches English] sobbing on the cemetery's rocks.
Somehow, Nahshon had the sacred privilege of uniting an entire nation."
"Our greatest weapon," explains Elon, which often lies dormant and
which Nahshon gave us a glimpse of, is the wellspring of spiritual
heights we are capable of achieving. During Nahshon's captivity, when
the entire nation was engaged in prayer, the naysayers said we were
brought to our knees before the terrorists, the forces of evil. The
reverse was true. We were extremely powerful, extremely united."
At the core of Elon's philosophy is a consummate belief in the
dynamism of _Netzah Yisrael_, a term used in Jewish philosophy to
describe the eternal, resilient nature of Israel and the Jewish people.
"Look at the early founders of the state....These were people who had a
deep, abiding faith in the concept of the eternal Israel. They were able
to inspire themselves and others."
Much of this belief is the bedrock of the philosophy behind Elon's
alma mater, the Mercaz Harav Kook Yeshiva, founded by the first Ashkenazi
chief rabbi of Palestine, Abraham Isaac Kook, and later led by his son,
Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook, who was responsible for introducing the political-
nationalist element into the yeshiva's world view. Today, Mercaz Harav
and many of its graduates are at the core of the Gush Emunim movement.
"We are here in Israel and there is nothing to apologize for. The
question is, will I forget who I am and why I am here or will I hold on
to the concept of the 'eternal Israel' and integrate it into the new
reality? I think it is rather disgraceful when [our leaders] lack the
strength of character to state things clearly. I still don't understand,
for example, why Jews are not allowed on the Temple Mount, why there is a
total capitulation on that subject. Where is our just place in this
world, after all?"
"The truth is that, done right, from a point of Jewish pride and
belief in what we are doing here, anything can be conveyed and there
would be no political or diplomatic clash. So, while I understand the
desire not to be 'a nation which dwells alone,' I wonder sometimes where
is our pride, where is the commitment to our being the light unto the
nations? It is an idea that Ben-Gurion himself espoused."
Would he sit down with an Islamic cleric in an attempt to find a
peaceful resolution of their differences? "Not while he's sending out
fellows with sabers after me, I wouldn't," he responds. Elon believes
that the Jewish-Arab conflict is "the war between Isaac and Ishmael.
Call it Hamas, call it whatever you want. It's a religious war. What
does the terrorist shout before he stabs his victim? 'Allahu akbar' [God
is great].'"
According to Elon, religious coercion is "the least Jewish concept
in the world." "I don't blame secular Israelis for feeling embittered.
Here you have a situation where the religious, who often aren't such
inspiring characters themselves, act as though they have a monopoly on
faith and this touches off the cycle of mockery and bitterness toward
religion and toward our common Jewish legacy."
Elon says he tells his students again and again: "We are not 'Now'
people. I don't want Peace Now and I don't want Messiah Now. Of course
I support both concepts -- peace and the coming of the Messiah -- but I
object to the easy sloganeering. I want a deep, abiding faith in the
eternal nature of Israel and the Jewish people. And one thing Nahshon
taught us is that we possess the potential to be, in fact, a very mighty
nation, and our strength is precisely in our ability to continue, to
survive." (Excerpted from _Jerusalem Post Magazine_, 11 Nov 94)
*************************************************************************
HANNAH SENESH -- HEROINE AND POETESS
Blessed is the match that is consumed as it lights the flames.
Blessed is the flame that burns in the depths of the heart.
Blessed are the hearts that knew how to stop honorably.
Blessed is the match that is consumed as it lights the flames.
These were the words that Hannah Senesh wrote while traveling with
partisans in Yugoslavia before crossing into Nazi-occupied Hungary during
World War II. Her mission was to organize the resistance of Hungarian
Jews against the Nazi monster and to help the Jews escape to the Land of
Israel.
Hannah and two other Jews parachuted into Yugoslavia, but she went
into Hungary before them. She was caught by the Nazis almost
immediately, tortured in order to extract from her the code for the radio
transmitter she was carrying, and eventually murdered without ever having
revealed anything.
Hannah became a symbol of heroism for all those fighting for the
freedom of Israel. She represented the spirit of humanity fighting the
forces of evil. She was the match which was consumed but which lit the
flame. Hannah was a light onto her people and her spirit lives in the
hearts of those who still believe in the Zionist dream.--Y.A.
*************************************************************************
THE TRIAL OF HANNAH SENESH
Jerusalem, November 7, 1994
We all sat together in the Israel Supreme Court -- members of Hannah
Senesh's family and the Women in Green (Women for Israel's Tomorrow).
Both groups were appealing to the High Court of the State of Israel to
order the removal of defamatory sentences about Hannah in a docudrama to
be screened on government-owned Channel 1 television. In this docudrama,
"The Trial of Kastner," the Jewish Agency head in Hungary, who is accused
of collaborating with the Nazis, shouts out in court that Hannah Senesh
was not such a heroine, that she broke under Nazi torture, which led to
the capture and death of the two other Jewish parachutists.
Lawyers for the two groups showed that many facts in the play had
been ignored or changed in order to cast doubt on the character and
heroism of Hannah. First of all, in the real trial Kastner never said
anything about Hannah breaking and, secondly, he admitted that he himself
encouraged the two parachutists to turn themselves in to the Nazis, with
whom he was on very good terms. Israel Television, for its part, relied
on "freedom of speech" (freedom to lie?) and the claim that the play was
a drama -- an invention of the author -- even though it was advertised as
a docudrama.
The judges decided (2 to 1) that they could not tell Channel 1 what
to air and so the appeal was lost. Hannah Senesh's brother, Giora, was
seen on the evening news asking, "Where will the Jews find heroes these
days? At the stock exchange?" In the end, just before the play was
broadcast, Channel 1 and the author decided to remove those sentences
which distorted the truth about Hannah Senesh.
This was a bittersweet victory for the forces of truth because it
did not erase the fact that an attempt was made to delegitimize, through
lies, one of Israel's bona fide heroines. Nor does it hide the fact that
the Supreme Court of Israel legitimized this attempt to extinguish the
flame that was Hannah Senesh.--Y.A.
*************************************************************************
Book Review:
PERFIDY -- THE KASTNER TRIAL
_Perfidy_ by Ben Hecht (New York: Julian Messner, 1961; L.C. No. 61-
13853) is an indictment not only of Rudolf Kastner but also of the
wartime leaders of the Jewish Agency for how they acted with regard to
the Jews of Hungary toward the end of World War II. In those days,
before the establishment of the State of Israel, the Jewish Agency was
the unofficial government of the Jews in Israel, and whose leaders
included men such as Moshe Sharett and David Ben-Gurion.
The Nazis had decided to slaughter the one million Jews of Hungary.
They promised Kastner, then a Jewish leader in Hungary, that for his
silence about their plan, he could choose 600 Jews who would be allowed
to escape to Switzerland. Kastner agreed and promptly arranged the
escape of his family members and the prominent people of the town where
he had once lived. This town, and not only this town, was so close to
the Romanian border that if the Jews had known of the Nazi plan they
could have easily escaped -- men, women and children -- to Romania.
At the same time, Eichmann said he was willing to make a deal --
trucks for Jews. The Germans badly needed materiel for the war effort
and if the Jews could come up with enough trucks, etc., he would let the
Jews of Hungary go. Joel Brand, one of the Jewish leaders in Hungary,
went to Turkey to meet with someone from the Jewish Agency. Instead of
trying to persuade the British and their allies to adopt a plan to save
the Jews of Hungary, the Jewish leaders in Israel turned Brand over to
the British who detained him. British policy was to keep Jews out of
Israel. Hecht claims that not only the British wanted to keep the Jews
out but that the Jewish Agency itself was not that interested in a
million Hungarian Jewish refugees! Thus Eichmann and his henchmen went
ahead with their diabolical plan and more Jewish bodies were added to
stoke the fires of Auschwitz.
_Perfidy_ should be read by all. I was moved to read it after the
docudrama incident described above. It turns out to be a damning
portrayal of those first leaders of Israel who were the mentors of
Israel's present leaders. This book is hard to find as copies of it have
mysteriously disappeared. Its pages are full of facts that one would be
hard-pressed to find in any "official" history books.--Y.A.
*************************************************************************
Sometimes I wish all those Jews in Israel who have forgotten why we, the
Jewish people, are here in the Land of Israel, would just leave, and let
the rest of us get on with building the Zionist dream.--Y.A.
*************************************************************************
Security:
KILL A JEW AND GO TO HEAVEN
On 25 September 1994, Yaacov Fisher, 16, was stabbed in the back and
the neck by a young Arab from Khan Yunis who crawled under the fence at
Neve Dekelim in Gush Katif. "According to Palestinian sources, a few
days earlier the attacker had told his friends that he was going to
attack a Jew in order to reach Heaven as a Holy Martyr" (_Maariv_, 26 Sep
94, p. 2). Israeli soldiers who were nearby shot and killed the
attacker. One year after the Arafat-Rabin agreement, thousands of Arabs
in Gaza still believe that the quickest way to Heaven is to find a Jew to
kill.--M.A.
*************************************************************************
ROCKS IN BETHLEHEM WOUND EAST JERUSALEM RESIDENT
Halad Abu-Toamah
Ragai Zlatimo, 45, a resident of east Jerusalem, was seriously
wounded this week from rocks thrown at his car near Dahaishe in
Bethlehem. The attackers assumed they were attacking a Jewish car
because east Jerusalem residents travel with yellow Israeli license
plates.
Zlatimo, father of 5, was brought to Hadassah-Ein Kerem Hospital
with a serious skull fracture and damage to the left eye. During a 10-
hour operation, doctors removed the eye.
The driver of the car, Hatam Zukika, a cousin of Zlatimo, suffered
light to moderate injuries. He reported that the rocks came through the
window of the car. "The jeep that was behind us stopped and helped us,"
he said. "The soldiers chased the rock-throwers and called an
ambulance."
Activists in Dahaishe this week expressed regret for the wounded and
said the rockthrowers had been sure it was a car of Jewish settlers. It
should be noted that during the intifada many residents of east Jerusalem
have fallen victim to similar incidents. (From _Jerusalem_, 30 Sep 94)
*************************************************************************
Jewish Heroes:
DANIEL OF THE BOMB SQUAD
"Daniel" (not his real name) is a short, 30-something, dark-haired
guy with glasses from New York City who works in Judea for the local bomb
squad -- the Israel Police.
How does he feel about his job? "You get used to it," says Daniel,
stopping for a tea break at a friend's house on a "quiet" day. On
countless nights Daniel is the guy you see from your car or bus window,
the guy who goes out to check the suspicious package placed in the middle
of the road, usually in early evening just after dark when you and your
family are driving home from Jerusalem.
*************************************************************************
THE TEL AVIV MASSACRE: "A GREAT OPERATION"
Gaza City, Gaza Strip -- The grocer sat in his small shop and spoke
proudly of his four sons in Hamas, the radical Islamic group that claimed
to have carried out the bloody bus attack in Tel Aviv.
"This is one of the biggest operations in history. Even if the
Israelis seal Gaza forever, I feel very happy and consider it a great
operation," Muhammed Ali Abu Amrein said after Wednesday's attack that
killed 20 people and wounded 48 others. In the crowded slums and refugee
camps of this coastal strip, Hamas gunmen are wildly popular, especially
among the young who see them as role models.
At Gaza City's Islamic University, a breeding ground for Hamas
activists, students crowded around handwritten wall posters detailing the
Tel Aviv attack. "God will torture them (the Israelis) with your hands,
and humiliate them, and make you victorious over them," read the poster.
Still exuberant after the attack, Israel's worst in 16 years, three
members of the Muslim militant group settled in a Gaza City living room
to watch some TV. The evening's fare was "The Martyrdom of Jamil Wadi,"
an amateur video about the deputy commander of Hamas' armed Izzedine al-
Qassam Brigade who was killed in a 1992 gun battle with Israeli troops.
The three men cheered, clapped and mouthed Hamas slogans as they watched
the two-hour tape, which showed Wadi posing with the M-16 rifle of an
Israeli soldier he claimed to have kidnapped and killed. The segment was
followed by footage of rallies, masked gunmen shooting in the air, and
speeches by Hamas' spiritual leader, jailed Sheik Ahmed Yassin.
The cassette has been selling under the counter in Gaza's video
stores since Tuesday and hundreds of copies have been snapped up. "This
tape will increase the popularity of Hamas and encourage young people to
carry out operations against the Jews," said Hamas member Anwar Amreen,
26, as he watched the video. "The children in this area were taught the
songs of the brigades," explained Amreen's friend, Faraj Dababesh, 20.
"Don't forget that in the mosques, people learn the tactics of Hamas."
Amreen belittled the Palestinian Authority's efforts to rein in
Hamas, noting that he himself was hired two months ago as an undercover
policeman despite his membership in Hamas. Amreen said he joined the
force because he needed a job, and that he would never arrest a fellow
Hamas member. (Associated Press, 19 Oct 94)
*************************************************************************
THE 100TH VICTIM OF PEACE
Rabbi Amiram Olami of the Jewish village of Otniel in Judea was
murdered on 27 November 1994 by gunshots from a passing car while driving
near Beit Hagai, south of Hebron. Olami was buried in a plot of land in
the village that the residents decided to set aside as a cemetery after
hearing news of the rabbi's murder. Otniel residents spoke of the
"covenant of blood" the cemetery now represents between them and the
village.
Attending the funeral were hundreds of Olami's relatives, friends,
students and residents of other villages in the Hebron Hills area. Ron
Shehner, head of the Hebron Hills Regional Council, told the mourners,
"We will continue the settlement movement, to develop the settlements in
the Hebron Hills and throughout the country. We will never leave here."
Olami's eldest son, Matanya, 10, recited kaddish (the mourner's
prayer) over his father's grave. Olami is survived by his wife and five
children, age 2 to 10. He was the 100th Jew to be murdered in Israel by
Arabs since last year's Oslo agreement. (Excerpted from _Jerusalem
Post_, 29 Nov 94)
*************************************************************************
Building:
ANOTHER JEWISH FAMILY MOVES TO HEBRON
Earlier this year the Bentaria family -- mother, father, and five
children -- moved from Elkana, a Jewish village in Samaria near Netanya,
into the Avraham Avinu (Our Father Abraham) neighborhood in the heart of
Hebron. Every day Dr. Bentaria travels to and from his clinic in Raanana
(a total of 300 km.). One may very well ask why one would make such a
move -- from the frying pan into the fire? Dr. Bentaria and his family
made their decision after the government of Israel threatened to remove
all Jews from Hebron. He reckons his family is a little like the kid in
the Dutch story who put his finger in the dike to stop the flood of water
until help came.
The Bentarias report they are happy in Hebron and are "holding the
fort" until the political winds change in Israel and the Jewish people
can again reclaim and settle in the land that is rightfully theirs. (The
story of the Bentarias was told by Adir Zik on Arutz 7 Radio, 11 Nov 94.)
*************************************************************************
CRACKS IN THE BUILDING FREEZE
In recent months the Ministry of Housing has offered tenders to add
1050 housing units in the new town of Betar, southwest of Jerusalem.
Building has begun and 250 units have already been sold. Today 1,200
families live in Betar, totalling 6,000 people. Upon the completion of
the latest round of building, Betar's population is expected to double to
12,000. (_Yesh Iton B'Gush Etzion_, #37, 25 Nov 94)
* * *
The village of Neve Daniel, part of the Etzion Bloc on the
Jerusalem-Hebron road, has added 30 families in recent months, with 36
more housing units currently under construction. A master plan now under
consideration would develop 900 dunam of land to the northwest in the
direction of Betar, and the Jewish Agency is completing plans for an
industrial zone. The village now boasts a nursery and kindergarten for
90 children and welcomes prospective newcomers, as do nearly all of the
Jewish villages in Judea. (_Yesh Iton B'Gush Etzion_, #36, 18 Nov 94)
*************************************************************************
VOTING WITH THEIR FEET
The number of Jews living in Judea, Samaria and the Gaza District
grew by 7,000 in 1993, despite a shift away from government support for
settlements, the Central Bureau of Statistics has reported. (_Jerusalem
Post_, 15 Nov 1994).
*************************************************************************
BEIT HAGAI YOUTH VILLAGE
The Jewish village of Beit Hagai, south of Hebron in Judea, is the
site of a youth village that offers a warm and loving home to some of the
neediest children in Israel. Local families care for boys aged 12 to 18
who live in family groups of eight. The boys come from seriously
disfunctional families where mental illness, abandonment, and rejection
was the only home life they had known. The village staff work hard to
repair the damage, and most graduates of the program go on to serve in
the army and lead normal lives.
While the Beit Hagai Youth Village receives some funds from the
Ministry of Education and private sources, it has asked the One Israel
Fund to cover the shortfall in its budget. The Fund was established to
support humanitarian projects that assist the pioneering Jewish
communities in Judea and Samaria, since the major Jewish philanthropies
deny their funds to assist these Israeli Jews. If you would like to help
a vital and successful program that is literally saving seriously
disadvantaged teenage youth in Israel, or if you can help cover the cost
of winter clothes for the twelve new students who need them, please
contact: One Israel Fund, Yesha Heartland Campaign, 17 E. 45th St., Suite
603, New York, NY 10017, Tel. (212) 867-0577. (_Yesha Report_, Oct 94).
*************************************************************************
CHRISTIAN ZIONISTS LOVE ISRAEL TOO
At a time when not a few Jews (and Israelis) are afraid to set foot
in Judea, it was a pleasure to meet three enthusiastic Christian Zionists
from the U.S.A. based in Tekoa during their two-week visit to Israel.
Leanne, LoaAnn and Karen spent time in Jerusalem, the Galilee and Masada.
They were impressed by how friendly Israelis are, even though many of
them carry weapons. Leanne, who helped establish a Hebrew language and
culture study group in Bakersfield, California, believes that all true
Christians are Zionists.
Then there are the thousands of Christians from all over the world
who come to Israel every year at Succot to celebrate the Feast of
Tabernacles. This year I watched as they marched in groups through the
streets of downtown Jerusalem, some in national costume, some dancing,
giving out tiny flags from their countries. Their joy and enthusiasm was
catching. They felt privileged to be here. They came to give support to
the Jewish people in their rebuilding of the Land.
Yet another group that comes to mind do not refer to themselves as
Christians. This summer two families with children and a single woman
from the United States were camped out on a cliff overlooking Tekoa
Canyon. They wear long white robes and spend much of their time studying
both the Old and New Testaments. They are constantly learning, and
adjusting their lifestyle according to what they interpret from the
Bible. They are also studying Hebrew. At the moment they live in the
Jerusalem Forest where they are contending with Jerusalem's wet and cold
winter. On a recent visit I asked if it wasn't depressing with all the
mud and the dampness. One of the women answered, "It's not hard to be
happy when life is easy, but when life is difficult and you can still be
happy, that is the test." They came here to be able to celebrate in
Israel the holidays described in the Bible. Some may end up staying.
All of these people came here out of a love for Israel, as do
hundreds more like them each day. (Israel, a country of only five
million, had two million visitors in 1994, two-thirds not Jewish.) This
tiny land is special to many people throughout the world who know of
Israel from the Bible. We welcome their friendship and support.--Y.A.
*************************************************************************
*** BACK ISSUES ***
No. 1.1 Building a Community (Jan-Feb '93)
No. 1.2 Security (Mar-Apr '93)
No. 1.3 President of Israel Tours Judea (May-June '93)
No. 1.4 In Memoriam -- Mordechai Lipkin (Jul-Aug '93)
No. 1.5 After the Handshake (Sep-Oct '93)
No. 1.6 Where is the Peace? (Nov-Dec '93)
No. 2.1 Special People (Jan-Feb '94)
No. 2.2 Hebron (Mar-Apr '94)
No. 2.3 Give Up? We're Building! (May-Jun '94)
No. 2.4 No Peace Yet (Jul-Aug '94)
No. 2.5 Gamla Will Not Fall Again (Sep-Oct '94)
No. 2.6 The Winter Rains Came Early This Year (Nov-Dec '94)
Back issues are available through the Jerusalem1 Gopher or by E-mail
from: amiel2@crosswinds.net.
JUDEA Magazine is an academic-oriented bi-monthly electronic
magazine produced and transmitted from Judea, Israel. Its focus is the
rebuilding of Jewish communities and Jewish life in Judea. Internet:
amiel2@crosswinds.net Mail: Judea Magazine, Yael and Mark Ami-El, Editors,
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