Judea Electronic Magazine, No. 2.4

Judea Magazine, No. 2.4


      Hebron          Etzion
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    /  Arba   \      / Efrat \    /      \      /             \_______
___/           \____/         \__/        \____/        Maaleh Adumim
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JUDEA ELECTRONIC MAGAZINE  Vol.2, No.4  Av-Elul 5754/July-August 1994
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Contents: NO PEACE YET

* No Peace Yet * What Really Happened in Hebron * Jews Do Not Start the
Violence * In Memoriam: Sarit Prigal
* The Rolling Librarian of the Hebron Hills
* Jewish Heroines: Esther Zellinger in the Battle for Jerusalem 
* Radio Free Israel
* Special People: Emil Leuchter
* Yael Returns to Life
* From Time Immemorial
* No Longer a Guest
* Movie Review: An "Israeli" Arab Filmmaker Looks at "The Enemy"
* Thousands of Judean Children
* Har Gilo
* We Saw the Fire; We Felt the Heat
* To the Jewish Community in Argentina

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                               NO PEACE YET

     Just for the record, for those of you who don't live here on the
scene, numerous attacks by Arabs on Jews with intent to kill are still
continuing in the Land of Israel some eleven months after the Rabin-
Arafat handshake.  We gave away land but got no peace.

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The State Commission of Inquiry Report

                      WHAT REALLY HAPPENED IN HEBRON

                                Hagai Segel

     The State Commission of Inquiry into the massacre at the Machpelah
Cave in Hebron, led by Israel Supreme Court Justice Meir Shamgar, has
issued its findings.  The Commission expressed an understanding of the
motivations of the Jews in Hebron and took into account the chaos which
preceded the shooting.
     "From the beginning of the intifada until the massacre, Jews in
Judea and Samaria have been the victims of 154,754 reported cases of rock
throwing [and many more unreported cases], 5,655 firebomb attacks, 2,979
knifings, 821 shootings, and 256 hand grenades, resulting in 64 Israelis
killed and 3,866 wounded.  In addition, 373 Arabs were murdered by Arabs. 
Yair Lior of Beit Hagai had his car hit by rocks in Hebron no less than
47 times in 1993"
(p.167 of the Commission Report).  "The failure to maintain law and order
on the part of the Jews in the area must be viewed against this
background and not separate from it.  The weak hand of the government in
enforcing the law [when it came to the protection of Jews] could well
cause the Jewish residents to feel themselves abandoned and thus
encourage them to take the law into their own hands" (p.167-8).  "Since
the beginning of the intifada this population has lived in the shadow of
constant physical threat, principally when travelling on the roads.  A
Jewish resident who goes unarmed takes his life in his hands."(p.152).
     Furthermore, "it may be noted that on the day before the massacre,
handbills were distributed in Hebron by an [Arab] terrorist organization
that they intended to perpetrate a terrorist attack in the next day or
two." (p.79).  "It is imperative to root out the attacks on Jews by
shooting and even stone-throwing" (P.245), the State Commission of
Inquiry concluded.
(From _Maariv_ Shabbat, 1 July 94, p. 26.)

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                      JEWS DO NOT START THE VIOLENCE

     Jews do not start the violence.  This is the basic truth that
underlies what the media call the "cycle of violence."  Jews do not walk
around beating up Arab children or shooting at passers-by.  How strange
to even have to say this to intelligent people of good will, many Jews
among them, who have chosen to believe the Arab version of daily history
as reported in the media.  They are outraged and quick to condemn those
"crazed settlers" who seem to act so unJewishly.
     But it's really not true.  The truth, should they care to learn it,
is that the "cycle of violence" begins with Arabs throwing rocks at Jews,
trying to maim or even kill a Jew just because he or she is a Jew -- no
matter if they are children or grandparents.  They are all targets for
immediate harm, while the Arabs are not.  Arabs can walk past Jews
anywhere in Israel without fear, while the opposite is not true.  This is
the daily reality that we who live here experience and which those who do
not live here do not realize or choose to ignore.
     When Jews are attacked or Jewish property stolen or destroyed, there
is no justice.  The army or police at best will record the incident in
order to report the total numbers to their superiors, but there are no
investigations of most crimes against Jews and the perpetrators are not
brought to justice. Only incidents involving gunfire are taken seriously. 
Injuries from rock-throwers are ignored.
     How would you feel if this was the situation in your neighborhood,
if gangs were waiting to try to harm your children on their way home from
school or you and your spouse on your way home from work or the
supermarket or the dentist?  This is the mindset to start from in trying
to fathom "those settlers."  They are under constant threat of attack
just because they are Jews and the authorities have proven unable or
unwilling to eliminate this daily threat.  Every case of reported
violence by Jews against Arabs has occurred in reaction to Arab attacks
that go largely unpunished by the authorities. 
     The authorities gave the Jewish residents plexiglass windows for
their cars to limit injuries from rocks, and weapons for self-defense,
with strict orders never to use them unless they are threatened with
impending death.  The same orders were given to the Israeli army at the
start of the intifada, to duck instead of respond.  This new attitude
runs counter to the revived Jewish fighting spirit that began with the
Jewish defense organizations against the pogroms in Eastern Europe at the
beginning of this century, the Shomer in Eretz Israel, the partisans and
ghetto fighters in World War II, the Haganah, Etzel and Lehi in pre-state
Israel, and the IDF in Israel's wars for survival.  Whenever Jews have
believed that the authorities are unable to protect them in this century,
many have made a rational Jewish choice to act in their own defense.
     A Jewish resident of Beit Hagai south of Hebron was attacked by Arab
rockthrowers one day in mid-March.  He fired his weapon in the air to
scare off his attackers.  When he reported the incident to the
authorities, they responded by confiscating the man's gun!  How can it be
that Jewish authorities would act to make Jews more vulnerable and
defenseless in a reality of daily Arab attacks on hapless Jewish
civilians?
     All incidents of the "cycle of violence" begin with Arab attacks on
Jews.  Sometimes Jews retaliate, and then face the full wrath of the
Jewish authorities.  But where is justice?  And where is the right of
every Jew to live free of the fear of imminent attack in the Land of
Israel?  -- M.A.

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                                IN MEMORIAM

     Sarit Prigal, 17, was shot and killed from a passing Arab car near
her home in Kiryat Arba-Hebron on 7 July 1994.

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                 THE ROLLING LIBRARIAN OF THE HEBRON HILLS

     Almost every day, Nava Livne loads up her hatchback station wagon
with boxes of books and sets out from her home in Beit Yatir, south of
Hebron in Judea.  She travels alone on the bumpy mountain roads in the
Hebron hills, visiting one or two Jewish communities each trip with her
makeshift bookmobile, lending out some 200-300 books a day.
     Livne started her career as a librarian in high school in 1972,
working at her school, the Yeshiva of Flatbush, in her hometown of
Brooklyn, New York.  She made aliyah to Israel with her husband Chaim in
1977 after graduating from Brooklyn College.  Their six children were all
born in Israel.
     About 15% of Livne's clients are English speakers, and some speak
French or Russian.  She makes a special note of some 15 immigrant
families from Russia who live in Machane Yatir, the oldest neighborhood
of Beit Yatir.  A cell of engineers, they comprise a technology think
tank tackling the problem of solid waste disposal in the Negev -- and
they are Livne's most enthusiastic readers.  Aside from making their way
through large quantities of Russian books, they like to sit with their
kids and read Hebrew children's books together.
     Livne was appointed to her position as librarian by the Hebron Hills
Regional Council.  Along with managing her rolling library, she is
responsible for supervising the local libraries in the 16 Jewish
communities nestled in the Hebron Hills.
     To assist this and other humanitarian projects in Judea and Samaria,
contact Pro Israel/Yesha Heartland Campaign, 17 East 45th St., #603, New
York, NY  10017, Tel. (212) 867-0577, or contact the Yesha Council at
yesha@israel.nysernet.org.  The major Jewish philanthropies deny
humanitarian aid to Jews living in these areas.  (From Yesha Report, No.
18 (Jan 94).

**************************************************************
Jewish Heroines:

               ESTHER ZELLINGER IN THE BATTLE FOR JERUSALEM 

     Esther Zellinger had been getting her two children ready for school
when the siren sounded.  The children said they heard an alarm, but
Esther dismissed it as a neighbor's teakettle and sent them on their way. 
Not until she left the house later in the morning and saw a column of
soldiers move by in battle dress did she realize the war had begun.
     A slightly built divorcee in her early thirties, Esther had become
the only woman to hold the IDF Medal for Gallentry -- the Tsiyon
Leshabach (Tsalash) -- which she had been awarded 11 years earlier, after
the 1956 Sinai campaign when she was an army nurse stationed at a Negev
air base.  A plane carrying ammunition had crashed, and Esther ran into
the burning craft to drag out the pilot and navigator.  Now by 1967, the
Italian-born woman had recently given up her job as a driver-nurse with
Magen David Adom (Israel's Red Cross) to take a tourist guide course. 
During the crisis of Spring 1967, however, when all the surrounding Arab
countries were threatening war, she had volunteered to give first-aid
courses in government offices.
     Esther decided first to check on her children at school and found
them in the basement shelter.  Assured that the teachers would remain
with the children until the danger was over, she hitchhiked to Magen
David Adom headquarters where she collected the keys to an ambulance and
two pillows, which would allow her to sit high enough to see over the
steering wheel (pp. 85-86).
     Esther Zellinger stood outside Magen David Adom headquarters looking
toward the flickering lights and the sounds of explosions to the east. 
Since nightfall civilians were keeping off the streets, and there had
been no call for ambulances for several hours.  Suddenly, out of the
darkness a solitary runner approached, breathing hard.  "We need an
ambulance," the soldier said.  Esther motioned toward her vehicle and
said, "Let's go."  The soldier seemed momentarily surprised at the idea
of a woman driver but he got in.  He sat tense and silent as they started
rolling.  "How's it going?" asked Esther.  "There are a lot of wounded,"
the soldier replied.
     He guided her to the Tirat Zvi Yeshiva on Shmuel Hanavi Street,
whose courtyard had been chosen for the brigade aid station serving the
southern front of the city.  As soldiers loaded wounded aboard her
ambulance, Esther walked through the yard.  Dozens of severely wounded
men lay there, but she could hear no groan or cry.  The only sound was
the murmur of doctor's voices.  One medical team moved about, selecting
patients in most urgent need of treatment.  Esther knelt beside a soldier
whose stretcher was covered with blood.  Gently raising him, she saw a
gaping hole in his back.
     When the doctor told her the ambulance was loaded, she replied, "I'm
staying.  You need more help."  Mortar shells were landing near the open
yard and the doctor insisted that she leave, but Esther ignored the
order.  She asked a nearby medic for morphine and gave an injection to
the wounded solder.  As she deftly bandaged his wound, the doctor handed
her a helmet. (pp. 299-300).
     Orderlies and doctors at the aid station treated an unending stream
of wounded well past sunup.  Periodically a woman appeared in the window
of a house across the street and waved a blanket signalling the medical
staff that a fresh pot of tea was ready.  Late in the morning a half-
track driver stopped to ask directions to the Police Training School. 
Esther Zellinger, who had worked through the night, was the only
Jerusalemite on hand and offered to guide him there.
     When the half-track continued on to the Rockefeller Museum, Esther
went with it.  On a street in Jordanian Jerusalem they passed an Arab
woman holding a wounded girl in her arms about the same age as Esther's
daughter. The nurse jumped from the half-track to bandage the wounds. 
The mother ran into her home and emerged with a large box of candy which
she tucked into the straps of the medical pack Esther had acquired during
the night.  The half-track had continued on, so Esther moved toward the
museum on foot, staying close to the buildings.  She found an Arab woman
lying wounded on the sidewalk and stopped to tend her.  As she was
finishing, a boy of about fourteen came up and spat on her.  Esther ran
until she reached the museum. (pp. 345-346).  (From _The Battle for
Jerusalem_ by Abraham Rabinovich).

******************************************************************

                             RADIO FREE ISRAEL

     Arutz 7, broadcasting on AM 711, 1143, and FM 105, is a pirate radio
station operating from the ship HaTzvi (the Gazelle) opposite Tel Aviv
and sending out a different message to its listeners from that of the
government-run stations.
     A favorite of cab drivers and homemakers throughout Israel as well
as Jews living in Judea and Samaria, Arutz 7 plays only Hebrew music of
the kind that gladdens Jewish souls instead of the American-European-
Israeli mix offered on the other local stations. The hourly news bulletin
is the straight government broadcast, but the commentary comes from those
who believe in the message of good, old-fashioned Zionism, the rebuilding
of the Jewish nation in the Land of Israel, featuring such commentators
as former Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir, former Knesset Speaker Dov
Shilansky, _Ma'ariv_ columnist Hagai Segel, and Ariel Mayor Ron Nachman.
     Arutz 7, established 5 years ago, broadcasts a positive message of
love of the people, land, and tradition of Israel from 6:30 a.m. until
past midnight to some 250,000 listeners each day except Shabbat. The
station operates solely from advertising revenues and contributions,
without any government subsidy or control.
     We listen to Arutz 7 as much as possible -- especially to their news
broadcasts.  When we feel that the future of the Jewish people looks
bleak, we tune in to Arutz 7 and our hope is restored.  Only on Arutz 7
are the modern Jewish pioneers -- the settlers of Judea, Samaria, Gaza,
and the Golan Heights -- portrayed in a positive light.  Whereas the
government-run radio stations are full of people who seem to have
forgotten about Zionism, on Arutz 7 one encounters proud Jews who know
that the Zionist struggle is not yet over.
     There are no Jewish apologists on Arutz 7 -- only Jews who know who
they are, and who are fighting the media battle every day -- doing their
part to remind the Jewish people that the Jewish heritage in the Land of
Israel is what will keep the Jewish nation alive. -- M.A. and Y.A.

********************************************************************
Special People:

                               EMIL LEUCHTER

                               Steven Rodan

     Emil Leuchter, a pioneer of Jerusalem's rock scene, has died after a
long bout with cancer.  He was 43.  For nearly 20 years, Leuchter was a
mainstay of rock music in the capital.  Tall, bearded and clad in a large
kippa and granny glasses, he started out as a street performer on Ben
Yehuda Street and moved from bar to bar in the city, also playing in
several Jerusalem theaters.  "He was one of the first on the block," said
Mark Feffer, a friend who managed some of the bands Leuchter played in. 
"In the early days, this was the only rock'n'roll south of Beirut."
     Leuchter was born in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1950, and by high
school he was pounding out rock'n'roll.  He was influenced by schoolmate
Screamin' Scott Simon, later of Sha Na Na.  Leuchter first visited Israel
in 1969 when he served as a kibbutz volunteer.  He returned several years
later.
     In several interviews to Jerusalem newspapers in later years,
Leuchter recalled his attempt to mix the power of rock with the soul and
spirit of Jewish music and learning.  He often would throw in Jewish or
Klezmer tunes in his repertoire of 1960s songs, and would accompany
leading Jewish soul artists such as Shlomo Carlebach.
     In 1981, Leuchter organized the Jerusalem Blues Breakers.  "Everyone
gravitated to JBR in those days," recalls band member Don Slovin.  "Emil
had a way of attracting musicians as well as those simply interested in
Judaism. Today, they call them ba'al tshuvas [returnees to Judaism]. 
Then, we just thought of Emil and the others as cool Jews."  The JBR club
was a wild scene from the beginning, resembling more of a Midwestern
roadhouse bar than an Israeli cafe.  Foreigners took turns jamming with
the band.
     During the Lebanon war, Leuchter took time out from his job as
musical therapist to the blind and handicapped to organize bands to
perform for troops along the northern border.  "My main purpose was to
make people happy and to give them hope," Leuchter would often say.
     In November 1990, Leuchter, playing bass, keyboards and occasional
guitar, was a founding member of the oldies group, the Alte Rockers.  "He
was very enthusiastic to get back into rock'n'roll," said band member
Murray Platt.  "We started out rehearsing in his living room and waited
for his wife to kick us out."  Last summer, Leuchter returned to
performing on Jerusalem's streets, this time as part of the city's Summer
Festival.  The repertoire was a free romp through 1960s rock and 19th
century Klezmer.
     He continued to play as often as he could despite cancer.  His last
performance was two weeks before he died.  On May 11, the night before he
died, leading Jerusalem musicians arrived at his bedside in Hadassah's
Ein Kerem Hospital and serenaded him with guitars and harmonicas.  "He
couldn't talk by then," recalled Harpo Dave, one of the musicians.  "It
was too painful.  But he howled a couple of times along with us." (_In
Jerusalem_, 20 May 1994).
                               *     *     *
     Emil Leuchter lived in Moshav Elazar in the Etzion Bloc with his
wife Edna and seven children.  There, his neighbors knew him from a
different perspective.
     "We were privileged to know Emil, the family man, who from time to
time would build a bonfire for his kids and sit around the fire and play
guitar for them.  We were privileged to know Emil, the bike repairer for
all the kids in the neighborhood.  We were privileged to know Emil, who
was not embarrassed to get up at a gathering and in his halting Hebrew
stress his points of view.  Emil was a proud, observant Jew who loved to
learn Torah and was a living example of charity.  Emil was always there
to lend a hand, be it with lending sound equipment for the Bnei Akiva
kids, or to take a friend to Kupat Holim when he himself was ill. 
Indeed, it was a privilege to know Emil, the tzaddik [righteous one], who
deserves to be portrayed as more than a rock fanatic.  We will surely
miss him." (Ettie Litke, _In Jerusalem_, 27 May 1994).

*******************************************************************

                           YAEL RETURNS TO LIFE

     When Margalit Shohat and Rafael Yairi were shot and killed near Beit
Hagai in May, Margalit's daughter Yael, a university student, was
critically wounded in the attack.  She lay unconscious in Hadassah
Hospital for two weeks and the doctors who treated her were pessimistic
about her chances to survive, much less return to normal.
     Reuven Tal, one of the residents of Beit Hagai, heard the shots and
was among the first to reach the victims.  He reports that Yael regained
consciousness and now walks, smiles, laughs, and speaks, though still
with difficulty as her jaw heals.  Yael explains to visitors how we "need
to continue to live here, to explain to everyone the special quality of
our lives and what we are doing here."  Such miracles as Yael Shohat's
recovery serve to strengthen us all.  (From _Yesh Iton_ #28, 8 July 94).

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When we're old and we ask ourselves what we did with our lives, we can
say we helped build a new Jewish village in Judea.

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                           FROM TIME IMMEMORIAL

     Abraham migrates to the Land of Israel -- 15th century BCE
     Joshua conquers the Land -- 13th century BCE
     King David makes Jerusalem his capital -- 1000 BCE
     Building of First Temple -- 957-964 BCE
     Destruction of First Temple -- 586 BCE
     Building of Second Temple completed -- 515 BCE
     Hasmonean state -- 135-67 BCE
     First Jewish Revolt against Romans -- 66-70 CE
     Romans kill thousands of Jews in Gamla (Golan Heights) -- 67 CE
     Destruction of Second Temple -- 70 CE; more than 985 Jewish villages
were recorded as existing at the time (Dio Cassius, _History of the
Romans_)
     Bar Kochba Revolt against Romans -- 132-135 CE
     Completion of Mishna -- 220 CE
     Jewish Patriarchate -- 140-450 CE
     Jewish Rule in Jerusalem (under Persia) -- 614-617 CE
     Jewish communities from Beer-Sheva to Dan including Hebron and
Jerusalem (under Arabs) -- 7th-11th centuries CE
     Jews help defend Jerusalem against Crusaders -- 1099 CE
     The Ramban (R. Moshe ben Nahman) immigrates to Jerusalem -- 1267 CE
     R. Ovadia of Bartenora arrives (wrote famous commentary on Mishna) -
- 1488 CE
     Hebron is an important place of Jewish pilgrimage; Gaza strengthened
by Jewish refugees from Spain; first Jewish printing press (Safed); R.
Joseph Karo (Safed) writes compendium of Jewish Law (Shulhan Aruch);
Safed is center of Jewish mysticism -- 16th century CE
     The scholars of Jerusalem write that there are 10,000 Jews in the
city -- 1741 CE
     Beginning of modern Zionism -- 19th century CE
     Founding of State of Israel -- 1948 CE
     Liberation of Judea (including the old city of Jerusalem), Samaria,
Gaza, Golan Heights -- 1967 CE
     (Compiled from _The New Israel Atlas_ by Zev Vilnay and _The Jews in
Their Land_, edited by David Ben-Gurion).
                               *     *     *
     The Jewish people, in the Land of Israel, are the only people in the
whole of the Middle East who still speak the language their ancestors
spoke 4,000 years ago, who still hold to a religion that sprang from the
Patriarch Abraham and the great teacher Moses.  Twice the people of
Israel were wrenched from their homeland.  For the last 2,000 years they
have been scattered to the four corners of the globe, drifting from
country to country, pronouncing the 70 tongues of the 70 lands in which
they stayed.  Yet never once did they sever their links with the Land. 
Each day, three times, they prayed: "Sound the great horn for our
freedom; raise the ensign to gather our exiles, and gather us from the
four corners of the earth....And to Jerusalem, thy city, return in
mercy...rebuild it soon in our days as an everlasting building."  (From
_The Jews in Their Land_).

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                             NO LONGER A GUEST

                             Shlomo Grodzensky

     "America is a country well deserving of the love and gratitude of
its Jewish citizens, but I always felt myself a guest-citizen.  Coming to
live in Israel means I am no longer a guest; at times I am even a host. 
Without Zionism I would not be a free man.  I am no longer the guest of
the foreign world, and at times I am even able to be its host, extending
genuine and sincere friendship."  (From the author's _Al Kol Panim_).

***********************************************************************
Movie Review:

             AN "ISRAELI" ARAB FILMMAKER LOOKS AT "THE ENEMY"

     In "Blue and White are Not My Colors," Avner Birnheimer tells the
story of the making of the film "Independence" by Nazar Hasan, a
filmmaker with a masters degree in anthropology from the University of
Haifa who lives in a village near Nazareth in the Galilee.  He describes
himself not as an Arab Israeli or Israeli Arab but rather a Palestinian
of Israeli citizenship.  In the film he describes how Israel Independence
Day is nothing to celebrate and that on Memorial Day his people feel
uncomfortable being near Jews when the sirens go off in commemoration,
when Jews stand in silence and all traffic stops.
     Hasan is particularly critical of well-meaning liberal Jews writing
and making films about his people.  To one such author, Hasan reacted:
"I'm sick of reading what the Jews write about us, although it's
important to know what the enemy thinks about you.  I don't care anymore
about these liberal Israeli gestures, and I don't have the patience
anymore for these films showing Palestinians in Israeli society....They
should go write about their own people."
     Hasan's film was funded by Israel's Channel 2 Television and has
been entered in the Jerusalem Film Festival.  (From _Maariv_ Weekend, 17
June 1994, pp. 57-58).

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                       THOUSANDS OF JUDEAN CHILDREN

     There are today thousands of Israeli children who were born and
raised in Judea, who have lived here their whole lives, gone to school
here, celebrated their bar and bat mitzvah here, and know only Judea as
their home.

************************************************************************

                                 HAR GILO

     Har Gilo, a Jewish village located just south of Jerusalem at the
northern edge of Mt. Hebron, is presently home to some 85 Jewish
families.  It is also the site of a field school of the Israel Society
for the Protection of Nature.  When the area was under Jordanian control
from 1948 to 1967, the Jordanians set up an artillery battery which
participated in the shelling of Jerusalem on the first day of the Six-Day
War.  Har Gilo is one of the Jewish communities in the Etzion Bloc
Regional Council.

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                     WE SAW THE FIRE; WE FELT THE HEAT

     On July 26, 1994, the day Jordan was making peace with Israel at the
White House, the editors of Judea Magazine, Yael and Mark Ami-El, were
driving home from a family vacation in the Golan Heights with our three
children in the back seat when a firebomb was thrown at our car.  Someone
tried to kill us on the Maale Ephraim-Jerusalem highway in Samaria, just
because we are Jews.  Our kids saw the fire, they felt the heat.

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                   TO THE JEWISH COMMUNITY IN ARGENTINA

     We share in the grief and loss of the Jewish community in Argentina
where scores of Jews were killed in July just because they were Jews.  We
are one family.

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***  BACK ISSUES  ***

Back issues of Judea Electronic Magazine include:
    No. 1.1  Building a Community (Jan-Feb '93)
    No. 1.2  Security (Mar-Apr '93)
    No. 1.3  President of Israel Tours Judea (May-Jun '93)
    No. 1.4  In Memoriam -- Mordechai Lipkin (Jul-Aug '93)
    No. 1.5  After the Handshake (Sep-Oct '93)
    No. 1.6  Where is the Peace? (Nov-Dec '93)
    No. 2.1  Special People (Jan-Feb '94)
    No. 2.2  Hebron (Mar-Apr '94)
    No. 2.3  Give Up?  We're Building! (May-Jun '94)

Back issues are available through the Jerusalem1 Gopher or by E-mail
from: amiel2@crosswinds.net.

*********************************************************************
JUDEA Magazine is an academic-oriented bi-monthly electronic magazine
produced and transmitted from Judea, Israel.  Its focus is the
rebuilding of Jewish communities and Jewish life in Judea.  Internet:
amiel2@crosswinds.net  Mail: Judea Magazine, Yael and Mark Ami-El, Editors,
Tekoa, D.N. North Judea, Israel Fax: 972-2-964588.
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*********************************************************************
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