Judea Magazine, No. 2.3
Hebron Etzion
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JUDEA ELECTRONIC MAGAZINE Vol.2, No.3 Sivan-Tamuz 5754/May-June 1994
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Contents: Give Up? We're Building!
* Special People: A Holocaust Child Builds His Dream
* More Jewish Homes in the Etzion Bloc
* In Memoriam: Margalit Shohat and Rafael Yairi
* Peace in Judenrein Jericho
* Without Embarrassment: Israel and Human Rights
* To Demonstrate in Jerusalem
* Politically Incorrect Songs
* Some of Us are Fortunate
* Coexistence on My Roof
* Baseball in Jerusalem
* Looking for a Spiritual Community?
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Special People:
A HOLOCAUST CHILD BUILDS HIS DREAM
_Trapped and Hiding in Europe_
As a child, Dov Levy-Neumand hardly ever went to school, yet today
he is a master craftsman. Dov was born in November 1933 near Lyon in
southeastern France to a Jewish family that could trace their roots in
France back to 1660. He saw his first Germans on 21 June 1940 as he and
his parents and his 1-month-old brother fled from the Nazi invasion by
train to a port in southwestern France to try to escape to Britain, but
there was no room on the boats for anyone who did not have a British
passport.
His parents had been afraid to flee through Italy or Spain because
the Fascists ruled there. Indeed, the French collaborationist Petain
government caught and turned over to Franco the Spanish dissidents who
had taken refuge in France. With the Germans to the north and east and
the sea to the west, they were trapped.
Dov's father knew by July 1942 of Hitler's decision to murder all
the Jews in the Final Solution. He had been a government official in a
small town in France and had many friends in the bureaucracy. When one of
the district officials saw the name Levy-Neumand on a round-up list, the
official warned his father and gave him money and advice on how to flee.
Understanding clearly what was to come, the man told Dov's father: "Find
a hole under the ground and hide." Three months later, the man who had
befriended them was removed from his post.
From 1940 to 1944 the French government worked in place of Hitler.
After the Petain government hunted down and deported the opponents of
Franco, they hunted down the German emigrees who had opposed Hitler and
fled from Germany when he came to power. These German refugees, Jews and
non-Jews, were rounded up and sent back to Germany, never to be heard
from again. Then the Petain police went after all other non-French
citizens and deported them to the East, including tens of thousands of
Polish Jews. Finally they came after the French Jews. The French
government and police, working for the Nazis, hunted down and caught half
of France's Jews -- some 80-90,000 persons -- and sent them east to their
death.
Dov's family were French in every way, which helped them survive.
They spoke French with no accent. Dov was blond and blue-eyed and his
father was a sportsman. They did not look like the "typical Jew" depicted
in anti-Semitic public displays around the country. "Because of the anti-
Semitic prejudices of the French, they could not believe that we were
Jews," Dov recalls. "It also helped that we were from a small village. We
moved a number of times to avoid capture. We looked for places where no
one knew us."
"We took another name and got papers proving we were Catholics. We
went to church on Sunday. Because we always had to be so careful, I did
not go to school much. My parents were worried that the other children
would find out accidentally that we were Jewish and we would all be in
danger. I was registered at school, though. In one town I remember that
every month the government asked the teacher to report any Jews in his
school and he would answer that there were none. He knew about me but
said nothing. It is one of the lessons of the Holocaust that almost no
one survived in Europe without help from non-Jews, that those who were
saved were helped by righteous gentiles."
"By the time I was 8 or 9 I knew that there were concentration camps
that Jews did not return from. For four years and three months, until I
was nearly 11, we lived with constant danger, constant fear, and constant
hunger. There was never enough to eat, and what there was to eat was
always the same and never satisfied your hunger. We would fight over a
piece of bread, even within the family. The price of food was very high -
- a bottle of cooking oil cost three months' wages. At one point we had
to hide in the forest. We slept in a shed and lived on chestnuts. We
lived like people in the poor Third World countries. Only someone who has
ever experienced this can understand what it was like. On Yom Kippur, by
about noon, the feeling of hunger transports me back to those days. Month
after month of constant anguish, constant distress -- that was my
childhood."
After the German occupation began, resistance was very small. Some
90% of the French supported Petain until 1943 when the Germans were
defeated at Stalingrad. Resistance also grew in response to the German
round-up of French men for forced labor in Germany.
In the weeks before D-Day, the French Resistance was called upon to
stage uprisings throughout France and not just opposite the beachheads in
order not to tip off the Germans about the actual landing sites. There
were uprisings throughout France from June to September 1944. "At first
our village was liberated by the Maquis, the French Resistance, but we
only believed we were safe from the Germans in August 1944 when we saw
the Free French forces who moved up the Rhone Valley after the Allied
landing on the southern coast."
_Life After the War_
"We then returned to our true identity and returned to being Jews."
In December 1944 they returned to Lyon and life in France slowly
recovered from the war. In Lyon after the war there were only two high
schools in a city of a million people, one for boys and one for girls.
Only 1% of the student-age population could go to high school. Dov went
to work at age 13 as an apprentice to a dental technician and after work
took vocational classes in the evenings -- six days a week of work and
then school until midnight.
He began to work with jewelry and discovered a special innate talent
for design. In his later teens Dov also developed an interest in mountain
climbing and became quite proficient.
At age 20 Dov was drafted into the French army, where he claims he
had his first full meal, serving much of the three years from 1954 to
1957 in Algeria. "The Algerian War broke out just after I entered the
army. All I knew was war. I grew up with war and now war was around me
again. For my generation, dying in war was a natural part of life. My
grandfather was killed as a French soldier in World War I. My grandmother
raised my father on an army widow's pension and my father had been
deferred from the French army for being the surviving son of a war
casualty."
After the army Dov married, attended art school, and worked for
about ten years making copies of art objects and sculptures, branching
out into antique restoration of all kinds, including fine furniture
restoration. His next decade-long career was as a horseback riding
teacher in the distinct French style, where the rider sits forward and
guides the horse with leg pressure, not at all like American cowboy
riding. He was also a blacksmith and could shoe horses.
Throughout these years Dov retained a strong Jewish identity, which
French society helped him to maintain. Jean Paul Sartre said in his
_Reflections on the Jewish Question_: "Jews are not different because of
their Judaism. It is the non-Jews who make the Jews different."
"Antisemitism helped teach me to be Jewish," Dov recalls. "I saw that the
leftists were Stalinists and antisemitic and racist. Anti-Zionism is just
modern antisemitism. Assimilated Jews don't feel antisemitism and if I
had changed my name, I wouldn't either, but I didn't want to. Yet by
remaining Jewish, the world around me helped make me Jewish."
"The French are motivated by their stomachs. They are very much into
materialism, cars, vacations, money. But that is not a reason to live.
What I lacked there was an ideal. I have it in Zionism, a cultural,
national ideal."
In 1977 Dov made aliya to Israel for the first time. As a French
anti-establishment leftist, he went to a Hashomer Hatzair kibbutz where
he worked with fruit trees, but found the people there dogmatic and no
longer Zionists. They were well-off and satisfied with their lot, no
longer caring about settling the borderlands of Israel. This was not what
he was looking for and so he returned to France the next year.
He had wanted to live out in the countryside but never considered
Judea and Samaria. Yet he loved Israel. Twice in the early 1980s he rode
to Israel from France by bicycle, except for the ship from Greece. "I
learned the country by riding from Metulla to Sharm el-Sheikh and
everywhere in between. I learned to cross the desert at night. I even
passed by Tekoa in 1980, riding up from the Dead Sea to Herodion, but
never even stopped."
Back in France Dov worked as a gardening and landscape contractor,
later selling jeans from a truck as well. He had always wanted to return
to Israel, but felt he had no place there. Then a mutual friend put him
in touch with Edith Biezunski, who had made aliya to Tekoa with a group
of singles from France and was back in France on a family visit. She told
Dov about Tekoa in 1984 and he went back with her for a look. Dov and
Edith were married at the edge of Tekoa Canyon and now have five young
children. Dov planted scores of olive, nectarine, and other fruit trees
in Tekoa and took over a section of the local vineyards.
_A French Chalet in Tekoa_
Dov built a French chalet of stone and wood, incorporating in it
their original prefab home. He first dug a celler and foundations, and
with the stones from the ground he built the walls of the new first
floor, in a rounded amphitheater style. Then he constructed a second
floor and roof from wood. "They only know about concrete and steel here.
I wanted to use natural materials." The building permit authorities were
confounded by his plans since they had no regulations governing wood
construction, so he showed them the detailed plan from a book in French
printed in 1825. A winding wooden staircase leads up to the second floor,
which itself has a series of large tiltable windows overlooking a broad
expanse of the Judean Desert, the Dead Sea, and the mountains of Moab in
Jordan. Dov considers the Dead Sea as the eastern border of Tekoa.
"Most people here build four walls in a rectangle and then design
the room within it. I first design the room, then build the walls. It is
not natural for people to live in square boxes and there are no right
angles in this house."
To Dov, settling in Tekoa comes at the end of a decades-long search.
"In all the world there is only one place where people can come and build
their dreams -- in Judea and Samaria in Israel."
Dov was married twice before. He has 11 children, from age 35 to 9
months, and 3 grandchildren. He is keenly aware of the need to pass on
his story to his children. "I am part of the last generation that still
remembers the Holocaust. I have been to meetings of those who hid as
children during the war. We must teach about the Holocaust to those who
do not know about it, to the coming generation. At Yad Vashem, Israel's
main Holocaust museum, we are meeting to discuss how to do this. We must
pass on our story before it is lost and this is what I am working on
now." -- M.A.
*************************************************************************
Give Up? We're Building!
MORE JEWISH HOMES IN THE ETZION BLOC
Despite the current freeze on government-sponsored construction in
Judea and Samaria, Jewish villages in the Etzion Bloc are continuing to
build and expand.
* In Alon Shvut, 28 new homes are being constructed, while permission has
been received to plan for the near doubling of the village. In addition,
construction of a multi-purpose building is nearing completion, to
function as a senior citizens club, Sephardi synagogue, and youth club.
* In Elazar, 14 families are awaiting the current completion of
infrastructure for their homes and a contract has been signed to build an
additional 100 homes.
* In Bat Ayin, the village master plan has received final approval,
enabling the construction of permanent homes. In addition, a synagogue
has been completed, built nearly entirely by local residents.
* In Har Gilo, agreement has been reached in principle with government
authorities for the expansion of the village.
* In Carmei Tsur, final electricity and water hook-ups will enable
residents to enter the homes in their newly-built neighborhood.
* In Kibbutz Kfar Etzion, the construction of 10 new homes will enable
the absorption of new families, as will a similar number being built at
Kibbutz Migdal Oz.
* In Metzad, the infrastructure for 25 permanent homes has been completed
and the entire village has been linked up to the national electricity
grid, replacing the generator upon which local residents depended for the
past 10 years.
* In Neve Daniel, the infrastructure for 24 standing homes has been
completed and most have been occupied, while private individual home
building continues as well. Construction is due to begin on an additional
31 homes to be built by a private contractor.
* The permanent site of El David (established 12 years ago by Tekoa
residents in memory of Eli Pressman and David Rosenfeld of Tekoa) finally
enjoys a paved road and proper water and electricity connections. Most of
the families have now moved to the permanent site which includes day care
facilities and industrial buildings, while the old temporary site has
become home to families of new immigrants.
* In Kedar, as well, the infrastructure at its permanent site has been
completed and 20 families have moved into their new homes.
(_Gushpanka_, March 1994, pp. 16-17).
* The Housing Ministry has recently awarded contracts to four building
firms to build 472 apartments in Beitar. The infrastructure for 1,130
additional apartments has now been completed out of the 8,200 housing
units planned for the new city. (_Yesh Iton_ #24, 13 May 94, p. 3).
* In Tekoa, work has begun on converting the first temporary prefabs used
by the original founders of the village into attractive modern homes.
*************************************************************************
IN MEMORIAM
Margalit Shohat and Rafael Yairi
Murdered by Arab terrorists near Hebron in May 1994
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Rabbis Expelled from Synagogue
PEACE IN JUDENREIN JERICHO
The "Peace on Israel" Synagogue in Jericho has a 1,400-year-old
mosaic floor with the words "Shalom al Yisrael" easily readible in
Hebrew. The site is one of the clearest proofs of Jewish roots in this
land. The Rabin-Arafat agreement gives the area surrounding the synagogue
over to Arab control, but specifies that Jewish rights at the ancient
synagogue and modern yeshiva at the site are to be protected.
At the time of the establishment of autonomy in Jericho, the Israeli
army ordered all Jews to evacuate the area and arrested hundreds of
Jewish demonstrators who ignored the order and who vowed to return again
to the synagogue after their release. The demonstrators were joined by
MKs Hanan Porat (NRP) of Kibbutz Kfar Etzion, and former Knesset Speaker
Dov Shilansky (Likud), a Holocaust survivor, whose parliamentary immunity
prevented the Army from arresting them.
At one point the MKs were joined by Rabbi Mordechai Rabinovitch,
head of the Jericho Yeshiva, and Rabbi Menachem Fruman, the Rabbi of
Judea.
The army was determined to remove them from the site, but the rabbis
responded that such a decision was illegal and against Jewish tradition.
The army responded by bringing in reinforcements to expel the rabbis from
the synagogue by force.
Rabbi Fruman put on his tefillin, two small black boxes containing
parts of Jewish law, strapping one on his forearm and another on his
forehead with the attached black leather thongs. Shilansky and Porat
convinced the army to hold off for a few more minutes.
Then the two rabbis walked out of the "Peace on Israel" Synagogue
and Rabbi Fruman read a proclamation with tear-filled eyes, that he and
Rabbi Rabinovitch claim the right to remain in the synagogue, but to
prevent the embarrassment of the expulsion of rabbis from a Jewish holy
place, they would not resist. The police brought them to a car that
evacuated them to Jerusalem. (_Maariv_, 6 May 94).
Postscript: In a story entitled "Palestinians to Control Judaism's
Holy Places," _The Jewish Press_ of New York (15 Apr 94) was critical of
"Rav Fruman, a rabbi known for his dovish leanings and lives in Tekoa."
Perhaps they should not have been so quick to criticize. -- M.A.
* * *
Representatives of the world media were quite surprised at the
warmth and friendship with which the Palestinian policemen were greeted
by M.K. Hanan Porat when they arrived at the gate of the synagogue. Porat
said in an interview that his argument was not with the Arab residents of
Eretz Israel. "We too want them to manage their affairs by themselves,
with prosperity and honor." (Eliezer Malkiel, _Keren Tekoa_, Parshat
Balak, 5754, p. 8).
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WITHOUT EMBARRASSMENT: ISRAEL AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Many American and other Western Jews have found themselves appalled
at the frequent media stories of violations of human rights by Israeli
soldiers -- Jewish soldiers. Yet a recently published study of "Human
Rights in the Israeli Administered Areas during the Intifada: 1987-1990"
should reassure and restore the confidence of anyone who might ever have
doubted the basic humanity of their Jewish brethren in Israel.
The University of Wisconsin published the study in October 1993 in
the _Wisconsin International Law Journal_, 10:2(Spring 1992):185-284. Its
author, Justus Reid Weiner, is an international human rights lawyer and a
member of the New York and Israel Bar Associations. An American living in
Jeursalem for the past 15 years, Weiner served on the Israeli Justice
Ministry team investigating Amnesty International, U.S. State
Deparatment, and other charges of Israeli human rights violations in the
territories. Based on this broad experience, Weiner concludes that "the
State of Israel is no less concerned about human rights than those who
criticize it," and he charges many of Israel's critics with demonstrating
"selective and partial vision, both in the facts they have gathered and
the conclusions they have reached."
"Partisan and political misuse of the human rights issue, especially
frequent since the beginning of the intifada, has regrettably resulted in
widespread public misunderstanding of the challenges that face Israel and
has obscured the State's notable record."
The study is must reading for any intellectually honest individual
seeking the truth about Israel's conduct toward the Arab population in
the areas under its control. -- M.A.
*************************************************************************
TO DEMONSTRATE IN JERUSALEM
For several years and especially since the Oslo (or should that be
Munich?) Agreement, I have participated in many anti-government
demonstrations -- some large, some small, and some in which the police
decided that it was not our democratic right to demonstrate. Recently we
-- the Women for Israel's Tomorrow -- stood with the parents of Zachariah
Baumel, an Israeli soldier missing in action for twelve years, opposite
the Prime Minister's office in Jerusalem. For twelve years the Baumels
have been waiting to hear if their son is alive or dead, and the only
thread of evidence that this government has been able to get from the
"reformed terrorist" Arafat is a lousy half dog tag beglonging to their
son.
Israel has always been proud of its policy of never leaving its
soldiers in the field and yet Israel has already released thousands of
Arab terrorists from jail without demanding as a condition for their
release more information about our MIAs. Arafat as a terrorist leader
has connections with other terrorist leaders and regimes. If he could
acquire the token half dog tag, then it is reasonable to assume that he
could get more substantial information.
Yona Baumal, Zachariah's father, wears the half dog tag now. All
this man is asking is to know the fate of his son: is he alive or dead?
And if he is dead, to be able to bury him in Israel and to say the Jewish
prayer for the dead -- the Kaddish. Is this too much to ask of a person
with whom we are supposedly making peace?
When Shimon Peres, Israel's Foreign Minister, appeared at the
protest, one of the Women for Israel's Tomorrow challenged the
government's policies with regard to the MIAs. She said to Peres: "How
dare you and Mr. Rabin use the bodies of our dead war heroes, one of them
being my father who died in the 1948 War of Liberation, to buttress your
unrealistic charade with the Arabs. My father gave his life for a Jewish
State here in Israel, and not to give part of our country to the Arabs.
You have no right to make a mockery of those war heroes' sacrifices.
Israel belongs to the whole Jewish people, not only here, but all over
the world. You have no right to give their country away and place our
security in jeopardy." Peres did not respond. -- Y.A.
*************************************************************************
Zionist Culture:
POLITICALLY INCORRECT SONGS
For those who understand Hebrew, we highly recommend the sound tape by
Dr. Shalom Fleiser of Tel Aviv -- "Shirei Has V'Shalom." Fleiser
presents twelve satirical protest songs about life in Israel, starting
with the intifada and on to the Oslo Accords and their aftermath.
A dentist by trade, Dr. Fleiser wrote the songs and music, and
performs them as well. The tape comes with a booklet containing the
words of each song and an explanation of how each one came to be written.
Fleiser was unable to acquire the services of a professional singer
because those he approached were fearful of having doors shut in their
face if they performed such "politically incorrect" songs.
The tape and booklet sell in Israel for 30 shekels ($10; add more
for overseas postage) and can be ordered from: Dr. Shalom Fleiser, POB
11222, Tel Aviv 61116, tel: 03-933-5430, fax: 03-691-8999.
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SOME OF US ARE FORTUNATE
How fortunate we are to live in Judea. When many North American Jews
live lives of quiet desperation, searching for meaning in their lives, a
few of us have found a satisfying solution. We moved to Judea and now
never lack for meaning. Just waking up here to a new day is an
achievement when you view it as part of the 2,000-year-old saga of the
revival of the Jewish people in the Land of Israel.
It is also fortunate that we live in this particular time, when the
effort to renew Jewish life in Judea faces the clear threat of
obliteration, when Jewish families and children are once again threatened
with being uprooted from their homes, only this time the place is Israel,
not Holocaust Europe. Just when we thought that the heroic times of
yesterday -- with stories of brave ghetto-fighters and those who fought
for Israel's independence -- were never to return, we find ourselves deep
in a very real struggle to remain in the homes we have built in the face
of daily calls for the expulsion, transfer, and ethnic cleansing of Jews
from Judea.
We get the opportunity to act heroically too, to stand strong
against the enemy though they be numerous and fierce, and to act with
Jewish dignity. Our holding on here and keeping the Zionist flame alive
is important to the entire Jewish nation, and the daily struggle fills up
our lives with meaning. -- M.A.
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COEXISTENCE ON MY ROOF
Devorah van Zwaren
I just had to put down my laundry and pick up my pen. With five
little children and the busy household that goes with it, I'm rarely
moved to do so. A year or so ago, in spite of the political situation
(the Labor party had just won the election), we uprooted our family from
our comfortable house in Jerusalem and moved to Tekoa.
Two months ago I found myself building a second floor onto my house.
My neighbor Izzy with his American know-how was "knocking together" a
second floor from plywood and knotty pine, but Izzy got pressed for time.
We had just completed the prayers for rain on Sukkot, our roof was open
to the sky, and Izzy needed help. First we turned to Tekoa's vast
Russian immigrant community. Ilya helped Izzy frame the second floor,
Genia started on the knotty pine, and the upstairs began to take shape.
One day Ali from the neighboring Arab village of Tuqua knocked on my
door. He noticed from his house on the next hilltop that my house didn't
have a roof. He offered his services as a stone mason and that of his
brothers, a plasterer and a stairs builder. The next day Ali and his two
brothers came to work. They told me they didn't speak Hebrew. They came
from Jordan only 12 years ago. I struggled along in basic Arabic and
they laughed at my American accent telling them "Bakam Sucor Bidak fi
chai" (How much sugar do you take in your tea), but the walls went up.
Then Leon and Arkady, my neighbors from Kishinev, joined the action,
a father and son team of electrician and plumber. Again I struggled.
Arkady speaks only Russian, Romanian and Yiddish.
Then came Roni, Izzy's cousin from Jerualem who took time off from
Yeshiva so that I'd have a dry winter. Now I really had to laugh. Up on
my roof, all together, were Roni, an Israeli of Yemenite ancestry, raised
since childhood in L.A., talking in accented Hebrew to Hussein, who now
and then mutters under his breath in Arabic. Ilya, Arkady and Leon are
now struggling with Hebrew -- and all of a sudden I had to put down my
laundry and laugh. (And then I had to write.)
We talk about the ingathering of exiles. We talk about peace and
coexistence and here it is happening. Right here on my roof -- not at
the negotiating table and not by the big folks. Sometimes I hear
classical music from the rooftop, and sometimes it's religious Hebrew
songs, and sometimes it's Um Kul Tum, the famous Egyptian songstress.
*************************************************************************
An American Legacy:
BASEBALL IN JERUSALEM
Two baseball leagues are operating in the Jerusalem area this
spring. The AACI Little League (sponsored by the Association of Americans
and Canadians in Israel), with 8 teams in 2 divisions, plays all its
games in Jerusalem and includes kids from Tekoa and Efrat. This year
there are 17 girls playing in the league. The nationwide Jerusalem Post
(adult) Softball League has 16 teams competing in 3 divisions, including
7 teams from the Jerusalem area.
*************************************************************************
LOOKING FOR A SPIRITUAL COMMUNITY?
Are you among those born Jewish who have ever wondered if there
really exists anywhere on this earth a genuine spiritual community?
I can't offer the name of a specific town that might be your
dreamed-of community but it could well likely be one of those near
Jerusalem. Jerusalem, Israel, attracts people motivated by diferent
standards, who feel being Jewish is the natural daily continuation of
4,000 years of Jewish life.
Being Jewish in Jerusalem means your kids do school plays about
Jewish heroes, play hide and seek in Hebrew, and know the Hebrew months
better than January-December. Here you discover that Jewish doesn't have
to be the sterile churchy religious thing that's called American Judaism.
The formal religion part, what's known here as Religious and in North
America as Orthodox, turns out to have literally hundreds of variations
and you can choose to tap into one or another of them as much as you
want, or to none of them at all and design your own relationship with
your Jewish past.
There are scores of Jewish communities in the Jerusalem area to
choose from. The hardest part is figuring out just what you are looking
for.
This isn't to say that the area is populated by saints, but I do
believe the proportion of those who are at least trying to build value-
based spiritual communities is higher in the Jerusalem area than in most
other places in this world. -- M.A.
***********************************************************************
*** BACK ISSUES ***
Back issues of Judea Electronic Magazine include:
No. 1.1 Building a Community (Jan-Feb '93)
No. 1.2 Security (Mar-Apr '93)
No. 1.3 President of Israel Tours Judea (May-June '93)
No. 1.4 In Memoriam -- Mordechai Lipkin (Jul-Aug '93)
No. 1.5 After the Handshake (Sep-Oct '93)
No. 1.6 Where is the Peace? (Nov-Dec '93)
No. 2.1 Special People (Jan-Feb '94)
No. 2.2 Hebron (Mar-Apr '94)
No. 2.3 Give Up? We're Building! (May-Jun '94)
Back issues are available through the Jerusalem1 Gopher or by E-mail
from: amiel2@crosswinds.net.
*********************************************************************
JUDEA Magazine is an academic-oriented bi-monthly electronic magazine
produced and transmitted from Judea, Israel. Its focus is the
rebuilding of Jewish communities and Jewish life in Judea. Internet:
amiel2@crosswinds.net Mail: Judea Magazine, Yael and Mark Ami-El, Editors,
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